Rolston’s view says…

 *Questions 24-26 are based on the following: Many personal care products—like shampoos, cosmetics, and lotions—are tested on animals.  Very often, those that aren’t tested say so on their packaging, or carry the “cruelty free” logo (pictured here).  The testing that is done is often painful, even deadly, for the animals (mostly rats and rabbits).  In addition, the tests are for “duplicate” products (products that are intended to do what existing products already do), meaning that the results are not necessary in order for people to have safe forms of personal hygiene.

 Peter Singer is a proponent of “utilitarianism.”  This ethical theory asserts that…

Rolston would argue that…

* Questions 32-34 are based on the following: “Drive-through” trees are redwood trees with holes cut in their trunks large enough for cars to pass through.  This is done because people find it entertaining to drive through these incredibly large members of the plant kingdom.  Though there are still drive-through trees on private property in the pacific northwestern US, the National Park Service no longer operates any of these trees within national park boundaries.

(You should re-read Singer’s statement in relation to questions 27-28 to answer this!) From Singer’s perspective, one could say that in these forms of population control…

Stephen J. Gould says: “The earth will prosper if polar icecaps melt under a global greenhouse, but most of our major cities…will founder, and changing agricultural patterns will uproot our populations.” Here he is saying the climate has… 1. aesthetic value 2. scientific value 3. recreational value 4. life-support value 5. religious value 6. medicinal value 7. psychological value  

* Questions  22-23 are based on the advertisement pictured here, created by the organization known as PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals), which reads: “People who are violent to animals rarely stop there.  Studies show that people who abuse their pets are likely to abuse their kids.  So if you see an animal mistreated or neglected, please report it.  Because the parent who comes home and kicks the dog is probably just warming up.”

The following statement was made by Theodore Roosevelt: “Every believer in manliness and therefore in manly sport, and…every man who appreciates the majesty and beauty of wilderness and wild life, should strike hands with the farsighted men who wish to preserve our material resources, in an effort to keep our forests and our game beasts, game-birds, and game-fish….” In this passage, Roosevelt is appealing to people who are interested in nature’s… 1. aesthetic value 2. scientific value 3. recreational value 4. life-support value 5. religious value 6. medicinal value 7. psychological value  

Taylor would say…