Naturalist writings often present human beings as governed by

What year was Origin of Species published?

The name Mark Twain is a reference to a nautical term.

In “A White Heron,” what happens after Sylvia shadows the hunter during his excursion?

In 1901, he ran for mayor of Oakland as a Socialist candidate and received 245 votes. He ran again in 1905 and finally resigned from the Socialist Party in 1916 “because of its lack of fire and fight” and its loss of “emphasis on the class struggle.”

In a a few sentences, briefly describe the forces that are arrayed against Shirley in “The Second Choice.”

Naturalst writers see humans — in our case characters who cannot control or understand how their lives are controlled by forces — environmental, internal stresses, fears, and drives.

In Twain’s “The Notorious Jumping Frog of Calaveras County,” which of the following best describes Jim Smiley?

In “Editha” by William Dean Howells, what war has broken out?

Broadly speaking, unlike American writers of the first half of the 19th century, many of America’s writers after the Civil War