51. Essay Question (12 pts.) The question has often been asked for the causes of why people break laws?  As discussed in the video presentation from chapter 01 of our text, please identify, define, and give examples for each of the three (3) factors given as to why laws are broken.              Additionally, provide the names of each of William Sheldon’s Somatotypes along       with a brief description.      

Bentham proposed the “felicific calculus” to explain how people decide whether to commit a crime or not.

Which one of the seven ingredients of crime requires a detrimental/negative consequence as set by society?

Most Part I Crimes are property offenses (approx.88%). Of those property offenses, approximately what percentage are thefts?

Emile Durkheim was one of the early founders of the structural-functionalist perspective.

Eugenics is the science of controlled reproduction to improve hereditary qualities.

Cesare Lombroso argued that the “born criminal” was distinguishable by ____________.

What is the relationship? Semiconductors are sample devices that use materials that are halfway between the conductors’ characteristic of few outermost shell electrons and the table, inert materials with eight valence electrons.

What is the relationship? A forensic psychologist is a psychologist who interprets professional information for courtroom purposes. At the trial of John Hinckley, Jr., for instance, several forensic psychologists testified about whether or not Hinckley was mentally competent enough to be considered legally responsible for his attempt to assassinate then-President Ronald Reagan.

In short essay format, define the ecological fallacy and the modifiable areal unit problem and explain how they are related.  As part of your answer, please provide at least 1 real-world example of the modifiable areal unit problem.  (Although there is no minimum word/sentence count for this question, you must answer it thoroughly in order to receive full credit.)