Determine the lightweight modification factor, λ, for a rectangular beam with b = 16 in. and d = 22 in., four galvanized No. 9 Grade 60 tension-reinforcement bars placed in the top of the beam, and No. 4 Grade 60 stirrups located every 12 in. along the span. Assume 5,000-psi normal-weight concrete and a clear cover of 1.75 in.

Current issues in OSCM do not include _____________.

Compute φVn for the cross section shown. Assume f’c = 6,500 psi, fyt = 40,000 psi, b = 12 in., d = 25 in., and that there are four No. 6 longitudinal tension bars and No. 3 stirrups at 8 in. o.c.

Decide whether the function is an exponential growth or exponential decay function, and find the constant percentage rate of growth or decay. (5 points) f(x) = 2060 ⋅ 0.9906x  

A building has a ramp to its front doors to accommodate the handicapped. If the distance from the building to the end of the ramp is 22 feet and the height from the ground to the front doors is 5 feet, how long is the ramp? (Round to the nearest tenth.) (5 points)

The traditional theory for shear stress assumes non-homogeneous, elastic, and uncracked beams.

Stirrups or ties perpendicular to the axis of the member are the most common type of web reinforcement.

Choose the graph which matches the function. (5 points) f(x) = 2x+2

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A smooth bar embedded in concrete develops bond by _______ between the concrete and the bar and by a small amount of _______.