Heat of hydration can cause a bursting force in the concrete where the bar is located and cause an eventual loss of cover.

A rectangular beam has a cross section of b = 14 in., h = 26 in., and d = 23.5 in. It is reinforced with five No. 7 Grade 60 bars. The concrete strength is 10,000 psi (normal weight). The beam has Grade 60 No. 3 stirrups. Determine the modulus of rupture of the concrete, fr.

A rectangular beam has a cross section of b = 16 in., h = 26 in., and d = 23.5 in. It is reinforced with three No. 7 Grade 60 bars. The concrete strength is 8,800 psi (normal weight). The beam has Grade 60 No. 3 stirrups. Determine the transformed cross-sectional area of the bars, Ast.

Service loads and working loads refer to loads encountered during events such as earthquakes.

A rectangular beam has a cross section of b = 14 in., h = 22 in., and d = 19.5 in. It is reinforced with three No. 8 Grade 60 bars. The concrete strength is 6,700 psi (normal weight). The beam has Grade 60 No. 3 stirrups. Determine the gross moment of inertia, Ig, for the beam.

A simply supported beam with dimensions of b = 18 in., h = 22 in., d = 19.5 in., and L = 21 ft supports a uniform service (unfactored) dead load of 1.4125 kips/ft including its own self weight plus a uniform service (unfactored) live load of 0.8 kips/ft. The concrete is normal-weight concrete. The beam is reinforced with 2 No. 5 bars. The concrete strength is 9,100 psi, and the yield strength of the reinforcement is 60,000 psi. Determine the maximum applied bending moment due to the combined service loads (dead plus live), Ma.      

A rectangular beam has a cross section of b = 18 in., h = 22 in., and d = 19.5 in. It is reinforced with five No. 6 Grade 60 bars. The concrete strength is 9,100 psi (normal weight). The beam has Grade 60 No. 3 stirrups. Determine the neutral axis location of the cracked beam (measured from the top of the beam).

A beam is singly reinforced with the reinforcement in two rows. The bottom row contains 9 No. 5 bars at a depth of 24 in. The top row contains 7 No. 5 bars at a depth of 18.5 in. Determine the effective (centroidal) depth, d, of the steel.

A rectangular beam has a cross section of b = 14 in., h = 24 in., and d = 21.5 in. It is reinforced with four No. 7 Grade 60 bars. The concrete strength is 9,100 psi (normal weight). The beam has Grade 60 No. 3 stirrups. Determine the neutral axis location of the cracked beam (measured from the top of the beam).

States at which the structure becomes unfit for its intended function are called limit states.