When the number of responses is important to a schedule of reinforcement, that schedule is called a __________ schedule.

When Keller and Marian Breland, two psychologists who became animal trainers, decided that it would be cute to have a pig drop a big wooden coin into a box, they found that __________.

Studies have found that the BEST way to overcome the tip of the tongue effect is to __________.

Which of the following is an example of a discriminative stimulus?

According to the concept of __________, memories are literally “built” from the pieces stored away at encoding.

Daniel is trying to teach his daughter, Mollie, to bake a cake by watching him. According to observational learning theory, to be effective what must occur?

In the process of shaping, behaviors are ordered in terms of increasing similarity to the desired response. These behaviors are called __________.

Reinforcement is to punishment as __________.

__________ is the tendency for older or previously learned material to interfere with the retrieval of newer, more recently learned material.

Human beings generally have an aversion to bitter and sour foods. Some researchers suggest that this is because foods that are inedible or even poisonous are often bitter or sour. The tendency of human beings to find these potentially harmful foods repulsive is an example of __________.