An animal that assumes a praying or play bowing position most likely has _____ pain.

A cat survives a blood clot that travels from the heart to a systemic artery but loses part of a leg to ischemic necrosis and needs treatment with fibrinolytics, heparin and strong analgesics. What condition does this most closely describe?

Which is a clinical sign of shock?

A serial evaluation of an elevated blood lactate indicates

Four patients present at the same time with emergency conditions. In which order should the patients be triaged?

Ventricular tachycardia in a dog is a run of four or more VPCs in succession at a rapid heart rate of

An irregular heart rhythm that results from variations in vagal nerve tone as a result of respiration in dogs (especially brachycephalics) is

When administering advanced life support during CPR, some drugs may be given via the endotracheal tube. Which drug cannot be given this route?

What is the medical term that refers to the hypersensitivity immune reaction to environmental allergies (ex. pollen, mold, and dust particles)?

A patient has increased muscular tone in the thoracic limbs and flaccid paralysis in the pelvic limbs when lying on his side. He is able to ambulate when placed on his feet and is alert & responsive. What posture do these clinical signs indicate?