In forward genetics, mutant phenotypes are studied to identify the underlying genes responsible for those phenotypes.

From what organism was the Taq polymerase originally isolated?

What is the primary function of topoisomerase during DNA replication?

In Caenorhabditis elegans, the establishment of cell polarity during early embryonic development is critical for proper cell division and differentiation. Which of the following statements correctly describes the role of PAR proteins in this process?

Amy is planning to knockdown gene “X” in a specific type of brain cells in Drosophila melanogaster. Which of the following technique is the more appropriate for achieving gene knockdown.

Both Drosophila and humans use the XX/XY system for sex determination, but there is a key mechanistic difference. Please describe and list 2 sex chromosome makeups that give different sex phenotypes between flies and humans.

List 4 different non-coding RNAs and describe their roles in gene regulation.

Alex is an 11 month old infant. He is constantly placing any item he touches in his mouth. According to Freud, which psychosexual stage of development is Alex most likely navigating through? 

Sigmund Freud’s theory that emphasizes unconscious thought processes and childhood experiences is called ___. 

Let’s analyze a supply and demand model of the market for gas-powered vehicles.  Initial conditions are such that the relationship between price and quantity demanded is given by the equation q0D = 200 – 5p. The relationship between price and quantity supplied is described by the equation q0S = 5p – 20. What is the equilibrium price of a gas-powered vehicle? $[p1]  How many vehicles are sold? [q1]  (We can think about this as perhaps being in thousands of dollars, but just input your calculated numbers in each of these blanks, don’t multiply your answers by 1000 or anything like that.)   The federal government offers a tax credit for electric vehicles, making them cheaper for consumers to purchase.  This will either shift the supply or demand of gas-powered vehicles inward.  Which curve is this? [c] (Either “supply” or “demand” here, without the quotes.)  If demand shifts inward, then the new demand equation is q1D = 160 – 5p, and if supply shifts inward, then the new supply equation is q1S = 5p – 60. Solve for the new equilibrium price of gas-powered vehicles: $[p2].  How many vehicles are sold now? [q2]   One curve does not shift here.  Calculate price elasticity along this curve between the two equilibrium points obtained.  That is, if q1* is the first equilibrium quantity sold and q2* is the second equilibrium quantity sold, then % change in quantity is  q2* – q1* divided by (q1* + q2*) / 2 times 100. Similarly, if p1* is the first equilibrium price and p2* is the second equilibrium price, then % change in price is p2* – p1* divided by (p1* + p2*) / 2 times 100. Divide % change in quantity by % change in price and report the elasticity here: [e].  Leave any negatives off (take the absolute value), and round your answer to two decimal places.  Are we looking at an elastic, inelastic, or unitary interval along our curve? [elastic]