When a strongly conditioned CS is used to make another stimulus into a second CS, the effect is known as __________.

At what point do infants develop a preference for salty tastes?

Ella has a very generous boss who occasionally brings in gift cards for his workers. He does this for no particular reason; it is just a nice way to keep people motivated. Ella never knows when she is going to get a special bonus from her boss. Ella’s boss is reinforcing his workers according to a __________ schedule.

When given a list of items to remember, you are more likely to remember the items __________ of the list.

Positive reinforcement is to __________ as negative reinforcement is to __________.

A farmer is being troubled by coyotes eating his sheep. In an attempt to solve the problem, he kills a sheep and laces its body with a nausea-inducing drug. He leaves the sheep out where he knows the coyotes roam. He hopes they will learn not to eat the sheep after they become sick from the bait he leaves. The farmer is attempting to apply the principle of __________ to accomplish this.

Kiara just told her family a really funny joke that she made up herself. In order to use a primary reinforcer to encourage her to keep telling jokes, Kiara’s dad might __________.

Which learning theorist is responsible for the discovery of conditioned taste aversions based on his work giving sweetened liquid to rats and then inducing nausea in them?

Taye is trying to buy something over the phone. He asks his partner to read him his credit card number. However, when he tries to repeat it to the salesclerk on the other end of the line, he can’t remember all the numbers. Taye is coming up against __________.

In a wealthy __________ family in __________, the body of a deceased relative stays at the family home until it is time for cremation. Before cremation, the body will be washed by family members.