Garvey suggested that to build confidence, Blacks should only associate with those at the same intelligence or reading level:

HBCUs like Howard and Clark Atlanta University provided African Americans with a quality education, a rich cultural experience, and a campus environment that affirmed the Black experience is beautifully diverse:

Peter Norman, Smith and Carlos’ White athletic competitor, disagreed with their protest:

For Black Americans education has been a critical tool in the freedom struggle:

The Doll Test showed how segregation impacted Black children in positive ways:

‘Fugitive pedagogy’ is based on the idea: 

Satyagraha referred to:

Garvey suggested:

The Miseducation of the Negro revealed how:

Smith and Carlos wore Black leather gloves symbolizing: