Proteins and nucleic acids both contain [element1], but only proteins contain [element2], and only nucleic acids contain [element3]. Copyright 2024 by Edmonds College Department of Biology. All rights reserved. Online sharing or distribution is prohibited. For exam use only in BIOL& 211: Majors Cellular Biology at Edmonds College. Outside help is not allowed.

Protein R-group interactions include hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, van der Waals interactions, covalent disulfide bonds, and ionic bonds. Which of these is individually the strongest, thereby providing the most stability to the resulting protein structure? Please answer based on the individual strength of the interaction, not the collective strength (since many interactions of one type could be stronger than a single interaction of another type). Copyright 2024 by Edmonds College Department of Biology. All rights reserved. Online sharing or distribution is prohibited. For exam use only in BIOL& 211: Majors Cellular Biology at Edmonds College. Outside help is not allowed.

In DNA, adenine forms [number1] hydrogen bond(s) with thymine, and cytosine forms [number2] hydrogen bond(s) with guanine. Copyright 2024 by Edmonds College Department of Biology. All rights reserved. Online sharing or distribution is prohibited. For exam use only in BIOL& 211: Majors Cellular Biology at Edmonds College. Outside help is not allowed.

Consider this phylogenetic tree of the three domains of life. Based on this, the animal kingdom is most closely related to which kingdom? Copyright 2024 by Edmonds College Department of Biology. All rights reserved. Online sharing or distribution is prohibited. For exam use only in BIOL& 211: Majors Cellular Biology at Edmonds College. Outside help is not allowed.

One end of the primary structure of a protein is the N-terminus, and the other is the C-terminus. Which end exists as an exposed amino group? Copyright 2024 by Edmonds College Department of Biology. All rights reserved. Online sharing or distribution is prohibited. For exam use only in BIOL& 211: Majors Cellular Biology at Edmonds College. Outside help is not allowed.

Below are two common misconceptions about evolution by natural selection. Choose one of these two misconception and (1) explain why it is incorrect and (2) explain the correct evolutionary concept. Two common misconceptions (incorrect views) about evolution by natural selection: Individuals evolve Evolution leads to more complex organisms that are the best; humans, by this measure, are the most successful evolutionarily Please explain in a paragraph, a minimum of 4-5 sentences. Copyright 2024 by Edmonds College Department of Biology. All rights reserved. Online sharing or distribution is prohibited. For exam use only in BIOL& 211: Majors Cellular Biology at Edmonds College. Outside help is not allowed.

An egg cooking in a pan goes from and viscous to white and solid as the proteins present denature. The structure that most likely remains most similar to the original after cooking is the ______ of the protein. Copyright 2024 by Edmonds College Department of Biology. All rights reserved. Online sharing or distribution is prohibited. For exam use only in BIOL& 211: Majors Cellular Biology at Edmonds College. Outside help is not allowed.

Mad cow disease results from a proteinaceous infectious particle, or a misfolded prion protein. The infectious prion catalyzes the misfolding of normal prions of our central nervous system into infectious forms, which then catalyze the misfolding of yet more normal prions. In this manner, prions spread in the brain until host death. Considering a classic definition of life (e.g., as provided by our textbook), are prions alive? Copyright 2024 by Edmonds College Department of Biology. All rights reserved. Online sharing or distribution is prohibited. For exam use only in BIOL& 211: Majors Cellular Biology at Edmonds College. Outside help is not allowed.

A dipeptide is formed when two amino acids form a peptide bond via a ______ reaction. Copyright 2024 by Edmonds College Department of Biology. All rights reserved. Online sharing or distribution is prohibited. For exam use only in BIOL& 211: Majors Cellular Biology at Edmonds College. Outside help is not allowed.

A patient with tuberculosis (causative agent: Mycobacterium tuberculosis) is treated with antibiotics. Feeling better, the patient doesn’t finish the course of antibiotics, and the infection worsens. This time, the infection is not controlled by the same antibiotic, and M. tuberculosis are found to be resistant to that antibiotic. Why is this? Copyright 2024 by Edmonds College Department of Biology. All rights reserved. Online sharing or distribution is prohibited. For exam use only in BIOL& 211: Majors Cellular Biology at Edmonds College. Outside help is not allowed.