A 16-year-old male is referred for psychiatric evaluation because of declining grades, social withdrawal, and increasing difficulty completing daily hygiene. His parents report that over the past year, he has become emotionally flat and recently admitted to hearing voices commenting on his behavior. Symptoms have persisted for 8 months. Which diagnosis is most consistent with this presentation?

An 82-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department by her daughter because of sudden confusion that began this morning. She was functioning independently yesterday. Assessment reveals fluctuating attention, disorganized thinking, visual hallucinations, and difficulty maintaining conversation. Her temperature is 101.8°F (38.8°C), and urinalysis is positive for leukocyte esterase. What is the PMHNP’s priority intervention?

Which pediatric anxiety disorder most commonly presents with somatic complaints such as headaches and abdominal pain?

An 80-year-old develops severe anxiety after starting prednisone. The PMHNP should FIRST:

A 73-year-old woman is hospitalized after hip replacement surgery. On postoperative day two, she became severely agitated and attempted to remove her IV. She is disoriented and unable to sustain attention despite repeated questioning. Nonpharmacologic interventions have been unsuccessful. Which medication is most appropriate if medication becomes necessary?

A PMHNP is preparing to begin cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with an 81-year-old patient who has mild hearing loss and mild cognitive impairment. Which modification is most appropriate?

A 16-year-old presents with panic attacks occurring unexpectedly several times per week. Medical workup is negative. What is the most appropriate long-term treatment?

A 72-year-old develops new-onset anxiety after retirement. Cognitive testing reveals mild deficits in executive functioning. Before diagnosing generalized anxiety disorder, the PMHNP should FIRST:

A patient’s spouse reports a gradual cognitive decline over four years. The patient now has visual hallucinations, fluctuating cognition, REM sleep behavior disorder, and mild Parkinsonian symptoms. Which diagnosis best explains these findings?

A correctly positioned lateral chest radiograph demonstrates some separation of the posterior ribs allowing for the divergence of the beam.  However, a separation of greater than ____  indicates objectionable rotation from a true lateral.