What are the ways by which force output is increased by motor units during voluntary contractions? Select any that apply. Reference: Duchateau & Enoka (2011)

You’d like to precisely localize which parts of the brain are activated in response to certain movements. Real-time feedback is not imperative. Which technique will best serve your intent?   Reference: Ch. 15

 How can the minimally clinical important difference (MCID) in biomarker monitoring be quantified? Select any that apply.   Reference: Ch. 16

Biological systems such output or motor performance by human bodies are considered linear systems.   Reference: Ch. 16

Which of the following neurons is the primary inhibitor in the recurrent inhibition pathway?   Reference: Ch. 15

Which statement about the H-reflex recruitment curve is incorrect?   Reference: Ch. 15

Why is normalizing surface EMG recordings with a maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) imperative? Select any that apply.   Reference: Ch. 15

Below are EMG traces from bipolar surface electrodes placed on four muscles, recorded at once. The trace at the bottom is the force, which shows that the subject increased force almost immediately, and maintained a target level of force production for several minutes. The force trace was recorded by a force-measuring device placed beneath a foot pedal; so, pressing down on the pedal with the foot produced the change in force shown on the bottom. Based on this information, which of the EMG traces below corresponds to the agonist muscle producing the force?    Image description: Labels A-D relate to muscle activation traces relative to a force trace on the bottom.   Reference: Ch. 15

The absolute force at which a motor unit is recruited decreases with an increase in contraction speed.   Reference: Duchateau & Enoka (2011)

What is the primary limitation of the subcutaneous needle electrode, especially compared to the intramuscular electrodes developed earlier?   Reference: Duchateau & Enoka (2011)