Justification that falls below probable cause but above a hunch is referred to as:

If information supplied by an informant or by an officer’s firsthand observations later proves to be false, the courts will uphold the arrest or search, so long as the mistake was a reasonable one.

Probable cause is required for a consent search.

When a private source is used deliberately in place of the police, Fourth Amendment protections are triggered.

An articulable fact is an event that is witnessed and can be explained, as opposed to a gut reaction or a mere hunch.

Which level of justification is required for stops and investigative detentions that fall short of arrests?

Example: An officer conducting a pat down of a man who seems intoxicated and smells like marijuana, feels a bulge in the man’s jacket. The officer reaches into his pocket and finds a “bong.” This is an example of a proper seizure.

A frisk must be supported by reasonable suspicion that the suspect is:

A hotel room or its equivalent is considered a “house,” as it is a temporary residence that enjoys Fourth Amendment protection.

Any unoccupied or undeveloped real property falling outside the curtilage of a home is referred to as: