Clinical Case for Questions 2, 3, 4 and 5 A 45-year old man presents with frequent “heartburn” due to the reflux of gastric acid secretions into the lower esophagus especially after eating or lying down. Endoscopic examination finds lesion located at the distal esophagus.  Biopsies taken from this area of the esophagus (approximately 4 cm proximal to the esophageal junction) reveal an abnormal epithelium for this region of the digestive tract. Case Question 2: The pathology and the change of the normal epithelial lining in the esophagus to an abnormal one described in the case above could be best characterized by which of the following terms?

Clinical Case for Questions 2, 3, 4 and 5A 45-year old man presents with frequent “heartburn” due to the reflux of gastric acid secretions into the lower esophagus especially after eating or lying down. Endoscopic examination finds lesion located at the distal esophagus.  Biopsies taken from this area of the esophagus (approximately 4 cm proximal to the esophageal junction) reveal an abnormal epithelium for this region of the digestive tract.  Case Question 4: Which cell type in the gastric mucosa of a healthy individual secrets mucous cup (visible mucous) protecting the gastric mucosa from a damage due to the low pH?

Which common framework helps guide the nurse when prioritizing patient needs?

The nurse administers a specific medication to an older adult patient.  The patient has a diagnosis of dehydration which means a decrease in body water.  What does this place the patient at risk for?

Two hours after completing the initial assessment of a patient, the patient states they are now short of breath. What should the nurse assess at this time?

The nurse is documenting about a patient situation after the dressing has been changed, that includes the following data:  wound is red with an odor; skin is edematous around the wound; patient complains of pain 7/10 at wound site.  What is the most accurate documentation for the nurses note?

The nurse is completing the documentation of the hospitalized patient.  The nurse is aware to include:  Select all that apply.  

The nurse is providing education about medications to a patient.  The patient asks what the term “drug action” means.  The nurse knows that which statement best describes a drug action in the body.

A 48-year-old patient phoned to schedule an appointment for a routine prophy. Upon further questioning, you discover that he has recently been hospitalized for one week due to a stroke. What is your next course of action?

The nurse is preparing to measure a client’s blood pressure. Which should the nurse explain that blood pressure measures?