What factors determine right atrial pressure?

What occurrences creates the first heart sound?

A 22-year-old male presents with syncope. The septum measures 1.5 cm and the posterior wall is 1.2 cm. When mapping through the outflow tract with pulsed-wave, it shows a velocity of 3.0 m/sec. What pressure does this finding correlate to?

What would most likely cause turbulent blood flow in the ascending aorta?

Agitated saline contrast uses 9.5 mL of saline and how much room air?

On 2-D and M-mode findings associated with left ventricular hypertrophy, what would the left ventricle findings look like?

What is a normal mitral annulus diameter?

Referencing the image below of pulsed wave Doppler of the hepatic vein, what is the blue arrow pointing to?

How long after contrast administration should a patient be monitored?

What is the normal duration of IVRT and IVCT?