John waits outside the bank for his next victim, in this case an elderly man who had just cashed his Social Security check. John hits the man with a club, and the man crumbles in a pile onto the ground. John quickly goes through the old man’s pockets and takes his money. Later, the man identifies John in a police line-up as his assailant. If John had not used a club, he should only be charged with a strong-arm robbery since:

A person may have lawful possession of property yet not be the owner.

Annie and her husband are fighting again. The husband drinks to excess and this upsets Annie. During the course of the argument, Annie picks up an ash tray and hits her husband on the temple, and hedies instantly. The police arrest Annie, but the prosecution has not charged her yet.​ ​To prove murder, the prosecution must successfully show that:

A person who claims to be selling cocaine, but delivers baking soda, cannot be charged with a drug crime.

Samantha went on a date with Chad, but the next morning realized she had no memory of much of the evening. She had only a few sips of the one drink she ordered, but her memory fades soon after. She’s suspicious and fears she may be a victim of a sexual assault. The defendant’s lawyer argues that there was no rape based on:

​Writing a bad check, or one that “bounces”:

Samantha went on a date with Chad, but the next morning realized she had no memory of much of the evening. She had only a few sips of the one drink she ordered, but her memory fades soon after. She’s suspicious and fears she may be a victim of a sexual assault. Samantha may have been a victim of:

If it appears the victim may have provoked the killing, the defendant will likely be charged with:​

In Todd’s rape trial, his defense attorney attempted to offer evidence of previous sexual encounters with the alleged victim, in order to show that she also consented this time. This evidence:

Physical evidence or witness testimony other than from the victim that supports the claim that a crime occurred is called ______ evidence.