Which of the following would be most vulnerable to extinction?

In the following figure, the isthmus separates the Pacific Ocean on the left (side A) from the Caribbean (Atlantic Ocean) on the right (side B). The seawater on either side of the isthmus is separated into five depth habitats (15), with 1 being the shallowest.Which of these habitats is likely to harbor the most recently diverged species?

Overharvesting or overexploitation encourages extinction and is most likely to affect

The word triage originated during World War I and was first used by French doctors in prioritizing patients based on the severity of their wounds because there were more wounded soldiers in need of urgent care than there were resources to treat them. Conservation biologists have to make similar determinations with degraded ecosystems. Which of the following is the most important consideration when it comes to managing for maintenance of biodiversity?

Figure 23.3According to the theory of seafloor spreading, oceanic islands, such as the Hawaiian Islands depicted in Figure 23.3, form as oceanic crustal plates move over a stationary “hot spot” in the mantle. Currently, the big island of Hawaii is thought to be over a hot spot, which is why it is the only one of the seven islands that has active volcanoes. What should be true of the island of Hawaii?1. Scientists in search of ongoing speciation events are more likely to find them there than on the other six islands.2. Its species should be more closely related to those of nearer islands than to those of farther islands.3. It should have a rich fossil record of terrestrial organisms.4. There is a good chance of finding endemic species on this island.5. On average, it should have fewer species per unit surface area than the other six islands.

The SimUText chapter provides 4 short-time-scale (ecological) explanations for why the latitudinal biodiversity gradient pattern exists. Pick two of the explanations and provide the ecological reasoning behind them.• Regional Energy Availability• Water Availability• Net Primary Productivity• Habitat Diversity

Which of the following is predicted to be a major driver in biodiversity loss:

In the accompanying figure, which number would designate the arctic tundra biome?

Loss of biodiversity around the world threatens the existence of the human population as well since humans depend on other species for:

Large urban parks such as Forest Park in Portland can approximate the ecological communities that existed in the area before the city was there. These parks are now surrounded by urban environments. Describe how island biogeography theory would predict how the ecological communities in a large urban park would change over time, compared to the community that existed before the city was built.