A professional writer accidently omitted a significant paragraph from a publication and thinks: “Because I omitted a significant paragraph in this publication, the article is completely ruined and my peers will no longer trust me.”

Claims are sentences that are true or false.

In the passage just considered, the words “I conclude that” and “because” appear as indicator words. What kind of indicators are they? I conclude that legalizing recreational drug use in the USA will not increase the amount of drug use in the USA. Why think this? Because when other countries have legalized such drug use the amount of drug use in those countries has not increased. And the USA is relevantly similar to these other countries.

The following passage contains exactly one argument. Identify the argument’s conclusion. I conclude that legalizing recreational drug use in the USA will not increase the amount of drug use in the USA. Why think this? Because when other countries have legalized such drug use the amount of drug use in those countries has not increased. And the USA is relevantly similar to these other countries.

Is the following argument valid or invalid? 1. If God exists, then humans have free will. 2. God does not exist. So, humans do not have free will.

In the passage just considered, the words “thus” and “given that” appear as indicator words. What kind of indicators are they? The universe has a beginning. Thus, the universe has a cause, given that anything with a beginning has a cause. That’s why I’m a believer.

3. When the following Friedel-Crafts alkylation was performed using chlorobutane, two products (product X and product Y) were isolated. Please determine the structures of product X and product Y based on 1H NMR analysis. Based on your proposed structures, please provide a mechanism on the following page to account for their formation. (20 pts)   MECHANISM:                      

Air flows into a turbine with a specific enthalpy of 1635.8 kJ/kg and exits with a specific enthalpy of 877.4 kJ/kg. What is the power output if the mass flow rate is 5 kg/s? (1 pts)

The piston/cylinder setup shown below contains 0.5 kg of ammonia at −20∘C with a quality of 25%. The ammonia is now heated to +20∘C, at which state the volume is observed to be 1.41 times the initial volume.  State 1: T1= -20 ∘C, P1 = 190.2 kPa, v1=0.15696 m3/kg, u1=391.44 kJ/kg State 2: T2= 20 ∘C, P2= 600 kPa, v2=0.2213 m3/kg, u2=1347.9 kJ/kg A.    Find the work the ammonia produced. (5 pts)B.    Find the heat transfer. (5 pts)   Please (1) do the calculations on paper, and (2) provide numerical answers here.

All engines that operate on the Carnot cycle between two given constant-temperature reservoirs have the same efficiency. True or False? (1 pts)