Honorlock Essay #2:  Provided Argument: It is not the possible for me to buy both a Lamborgini and an Aston Martin today. Since I have decided not to buy the Aston Martin today, I thus must buy the Lamborgini today. In an essay, respond to the following prompts in this order: Step 1: Standard Form Application: Reconstruct and summarize the content of the argument in the passage above using Standard Form (P1, P2, P3…C). Make sure to properly identify the conclusion and premises first. Also make sure to express all logical operators/terms clearly.***As usual, try not to quote each sentence, word-for-word, but rather capture the general meaning of each sentence in summary. It is also preferable to separate distinct reasons given in support of the conclusion as distinct premises. ***In constructing your argument in Standard Form, also consider whether there are any suppressed/assumed premises, and add them if/as needed. Step 2: General Form Application: Maintaining the Standard Form organization, rewrite your reconstruction of the argument above in the argument’s General Form (i.e. removing all specific content, and substituting variables/capital letters in their place). Make sure to keep any logical operators/connectives in their proper place. Step 3: Composition –Paragraph 1: Identify by name the invalid general form that you have ended up with. Explain what it is about this general form that makes it invalid, using as much detail and accurate usage of relevant terminology as you can. –Paragraph 2: Explain in general how the Counterexample Method for providing invalidity works. Make sure to clearly define and explain important terms like “substitution instance.”Step 4: Counterexample Application: Create your own Substitution Instance for the argument above, which fits all the necessary and sufficient conditions for a Counterexample, thereby proving the argument’s General Form is invalid, and thus the specific argument is also invalid.  ***Make sure the truth-values for each part of your Substitution Instance argument clearly adheres to the requirements for being a convincing/persuasive counterexample, which thus proves invalidity.

Certain proteins move through the endomembrane system in a eukaryotic cell. If a protein is synthesized that will be secreted from the cell, which of the following correctly summarizes its movement through the endomembrane pathway?

A cell that has a cellulose-based cell wall, central vacuole, rough ER, smooth ER, Golgi apparatus, chloroplasts, and mitochondria is most likely a(n) _________.

In DNA synthesis, two reactions are coupled. One reaction is exergonic and releases energy that drives the other reaction, which is endergonic and requires energy input.  The endergonic  reaction is [b], and the exergonic reaction is [a]. (Hint: think logically – even if you don’t remember this, you can think it through.)

The primary function of the cell wall is to _______.

What is true of cells produced by mitosis?

Put the following events of the mitosis in the correct order from the event that happens earliest in mitosis to the event that happens latest in mitosis. chromosomes align at center of cell chromosomes start to condense nuclear envelope disintegrates nuclear envelope re-forms sister chromatids separate spindle attaches to chromosomes

During cellular respiration, O2 _____.

How does fermentation allow ATP production to continue?

Put the following steps of DNA replication in the correct order beginning with the start of DNA replication. an RNA primer is synthesized beginning at the origin of replication covalent bonds form between Okazaki fragments, sealing the gaps between pieces DNA nucleotides are added to the growing strand hydrogen bonds between the two strands are broken primers are replaced with deoxyribonucleotides proteins attach to single-stranded DNA to stabilize it and prevent hydrogen bonding Write your answer as the sequence of letters – for example, A, B, C, D, E, F (note that this is not the right answer).