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Option B: 20th Century topic HOW FAR WAS THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS A FAILURE? Study the Background Information and the sources carefully, and then answer all the questions. Background Information The League of Nations faced many difficult problems after its establishment in 1919. Its critics claim that it achieved little and point to the fact that another world war broke out in 1939. Its defenders argue that although it did eventually fail to prevent another world war, it had several successes. Overall, how far was the League of Nations a failure?  

Answer one question from your chosen Depth Study. DEPTH STUDY B: GERMANY, 1918–45

2.a Explain why the League of Nations was involved in a dispute over the Aaland Islands in 1921. (10)

The League of Nations and international relations in the 1920s

Please upload your answers to Ptest011 – Paper 2 here. 

Read the sources and then answer both parts of the question.

Answer one question from your chosen Depth Study. DEPTH STUDY B: GERMANY, 1918–45

  Source A The Führer believed that almost certainly Britain, and probably France as well, had already tacitly written off the Czechs and were reconciled to the fact that this question would be cleared up in due course by Germany. Difficulties connected with the Empire, and the prospect of involvement in a long European war, were decisive considerations for Britain against participation in a war against Germany. Britain’s attitude would certainly not be without influence on that of France. An attack by France without British support, and with the prospect of the offensive being brought to a standstill on our western fortifications, was hardly probable. The annexation of Czechoslovakia offers us a substantial advantage because it would mean shorter and better frontiers, the freeing of forces for other purposes, and the possibility of creating new armed units. From the Hossbach Memorandum, reporting Hitler’s speech at a secret meeting in November 1937. Hossbach attended the meeting and wrote this report from memory five days later

Source B If we were to accept without protest such an explicit violation of the Munich Agreement, it might lead to a doubt as to the good faith of Britain and France. Its whole justification was, by liberating the Sudetenland, to safeguard the independence and integrity of the rest of Czechoslovakia. The enforced submission of the Prague government, brutally imposed by German pressure, cannot be used to excuse Great Britain and France from their moral obligation in the eyes of their own people and of those of other states, as well as of the Czechoslovak nation. Please make sure that the British government agrees that the British and French representatives should immediately take concerted action in Berlin. From a letter from the French Minister for Foreign Affairs to the French Ambassador in London, 16 March 1939.