The most proximal/oral region of the duodenum contains Brunner’s glands which are and secrete a small amount of bicarbonate to protect the epithelium in this region of the small intestine from the gastric acid that exits the stomach via the .  Anatomically, this region of the duodenum is the portion of the duodenal flexure.  

During inhalation, the nucleus is responsible for stimulating the contraction of the prime mover for respiration, called the muscle.  The somatic motor neurons that innervate this muscle are located in the of the , and exit the spinal nerve within the of the spinal nerve to eventually find their way into the nerve.  This nerve is located between the of the L/R parietal pleural membranes, and the pericardium. 

In this image, the right image shows a squamo-columnar junction.  If there were the Z-line, the left side of the image (F) would be located to the Z-line and would be the , whereas the right side of the image (S/K) would be to the Z-line and would be the .    If this right image were the pectinate/dentate line, the left side of the image (F) could be the , and the right side (S/K) would be the .   The tissue on the left image would be found in the , where the structures shown as V are called villi.  These villi are comprised of epithelium whose stem cells are found at the base or deepest part of the crypt, shown as .  Just deep to the crypt is the smooth muscle layer called muscle, followed by muscle and finally . 

Which of these structures comprises the functional unit of the exocrine pancreas?

A 44-year-old woman with Ludwig’s angina is intubated and managed in the ICU. Initial computed tomography of the neck shows bilateral submandibular space involvement without mediastinal extension. On hospital day 2, she develops worsening oxygen requirements and new chest pain. Repeat imaging demonstrates air and fluid extending into the superior mediastinum.Which of the following best explains the anatomical pathway of spread for this complication?

A 68-year-old man with diabetes mellitus presents with 2 days of right submandibular pain, swelling, and fever. He has been NPO following recent surgery. Examination reveals a tender, indurated submandibular gland, and purulent material is expressed from the duct with massage.Which of the following is the most appropriate initial management?

A 19-year-old male presents with 4 days of sore throat, fever, and malaise. Examination reveals bilateral tonsillar exudates, posterior cervical lymphadenopathy, and mild hepatosplenomegaly. Rapid strep test is negative. A CBC shows lymphocytosis with 25% atypical lymphocytes. Shortly after, his roommate presents with an identical syndrome. Which of the following organisms is most likely responsible and what associated disorder should be considered?

A 71‑year‑old woman with a history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia presents with sudden, painless loss of vision in her right eye that began one hour ago. She denies eye pain or redness. Funduscopic examination reveals retinal pallor with a cherry‑red spot at the macula. Which of the following actions is most appropriate?

A 31-year-old man undergoes needle aspiration of a peritonsillar abscess and is started on intravenous ampicillin-sulbactam. After 12 hours, his fever has resolved, trismus has improved, and he is tolerating oral intake. The team is considering discharge.Which of the following is the most appropriate discharge plan?

A 47-year-old immunocompetent man is admitted to the ICU with confirmed epiglottitis and has been successfully intubated. Blood cultures are pending.Which of the following is the most appropriate empiric antibiotic regimen?