12. What marks the end of the third stage of labor?

23. The nurse formulates a nursing diagnosis for a woman in the fourth stage of labor. What is the most appropriate nursing diagnosis?

27. What chemical substance(s) produced in the body acts as a natural pain reliever? 

22. A nursing student assisting a woman in labor asks the instructor, “What does it mean when the baby is at minus 1 station?” After being given an explanation by the nursing instructor, what statement by the student indicates an accurate understanding of station?

39. An 18-year-old primigravida is 4 cm dilated and her contractions are 5 minutes apart. She received little prenatal care and had no childbirth preparation. She is crying loudly and shouting, “Please give me something for the pain. I can’t take the pain!” What is the priority nursing diagnosis?

42. The nurse coaches the primigravida not to bear down until the cervix is completely dilated. What may premature bearing down cause?

5. What does meconium-stained amniotic fluid indicate when the infant is in a vertex presentation?

1. What does the nurse note when measuring the frequency of a laboring woman’s contractions?

45. Indicate and match whether the following contraction assessments are frequency (A), duration (B), interval (C), or intensity (D).

2. Why is the relaxation phase between contractions important?