When depository institutions hold excess reserves, the money multiplier is ____, and open-market operations have a ____ effect on the money supply and Real GDP.

Hong Kong pegs its currency to the U.S. Dollar. When the demand for Hong Kong’s exports falls, its currency will depreciate. The Hong Kong Monetary Authority (Hong Kong’s central bank) must respond by ____ Hong Kong Dollars and ____ U.S. Dollars. 

Suppose that the reserve requirement is 5%, and that depository institutions are holding excess reserves. An increase in the monetary base of $20 billion will ____ the money supply by ____.

Open-market ____ and ____ the reserve requirement are considered contractionary monetary policies. 

When the government raises the tax on labor income, the ____ curve shifts ____. This is considered ____ fiscal policy.

In general, children have better outcomes when they remain at home rather than entering foster care.  

The majority of gang members in the United States are _____________.  

Which of the following refers to a perceived all-purpose solution or remedy?

Children experience higher rates of violence at school than they do away from school.  

Which of the following refers to a principle in which a guardian or an agency is given the rights, duties, and responsibilities of a parent in relation to a particular child or children?