During embryological cardiovascular morphogenesis, the primitive heart tube undergoes precise segmentation and division to form the mature cardiac structures. Failure of the truncus arteriosus segment to properly septate via the conotruncal ridges will directly affect the formation of which two mature cardiac vessels?  

A 72-year-old patient with severe aortic stenosis underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) three months ago and now presents with increasing dyspnea. Which echocardiographic finding is MOST concerning for prosthetic valve dysfunction?

According to ASE pediatric imaging recommendations, which principle should be performed FIRST during every congenital echocardiographic examination?

A 4-year-old is referred for evaluation of a heart murmur. According to ASE pediatric imaging recommendations, which additional imaging window is routinely required but is not part of a standard adult echocardiogram?  

While performing a routine echocardiogram on a newborn in the nursery you obtain the following 2D image in the parasternal LAX, SAX and apical 4 view. What is the most likely cardiac diagnosis based on this 2D image and what images are important to obtain?

Which clinical symptom is most commonly associated with acute aortic dissection?  

A 4-year-old child is referred to the pediatric echocardiography laboratory for routine serial surveillance six weeks after completing initial treatment for Kawasaki disease. During the evaluation, the sonographer meticulously images the main, left, and right coronary artery pathways. Which of the following echocardiographic findings represents the complication of greatest clinical concern for this patient?  

A 34-year-old male patient presents to the adult echocardiography laboratory for a routine echo. He has a median sternotomy surgical scar, however he does not know his diagnosis. Your imaging reveals an anatomically normal right ventricle acting as the systemic pump and an anatomically normal left ventricle acting as a pulmonary pump with what appears to be atrial baffles. What is the most likely diagnosis and what is important to evaluate?

Which coronary arteries arise off of the left main coronary artery?

Which congenital heart defect is MOST commonly associated with 22q11 deletion syndrome?