A toddler observes her older sibling giggling and clapping when a dog approaches, and subsequently begins clapping and smiling when dogs approach her. How would behaviorist and social learning theories explain this behavior?

Five studies conclude that a parenting program improves children’s behavior, while five other well-designed studies find no benefit. A researcher wants to determine the overall effectiveness of the program by evaluating all available evidence. Which approach would provide the strongest conclusion?

This drug is _____________

Following test result in a 58-year-old man is suggestive of ________    

A 40-year-old man presents to the emergency room with acute onset epigastric pain. His past medical history includes hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, diabetes, and alcohol abuse. His last drink was this morning and he drinks 1-2 liter of whisky per day. He denies any fevers or chills but reports nausea and 2 episodes of non-bloody, nonbilious vomiting. Physical exam is notable for tenderness to palpation of the epigastrium. Abdominal finding is shown below.  Laboratory evaluation shows significantly elevated amylase and lipase. He is started on aggressive fluid resuscitation. What is the most probable diagnosis?  

Kidneys secrete renin in response to ________  

A 42-year-old woman presents with joint stiffness and pain of the hands and wrists for the last two years. Her symptoms are most severe in the morning and improve in the afternoon. She reports an unintentional loss of 15 pounds over the course of 3 months as well as fatigue. On physical exam, there is swelling and tenderness at the metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints. What is the most important diagnostic test for her medical condition?

A patient has the following laboratory values: Arterial pH = 7.25 Plasma HCO3- = 13 mEq/L Plasma chloride concentration = 118 mEq/L Arterial PCO2 = 30 mm Hg Plasma Na+ concentration = 141 mEq/L  What is the most likely cause for his condition?

Following drug inhibits the reabsorption of _____________ in kidneys.

The most likely cause of swelling in this patient with breast cancer is ____________