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FormulasChapter 18e = 1.61 x 10-19 CoulombsCoulomb’s Law Ele…

FormulasChapter 18e = 1.61 x 10-19 CoulombsCoulomb’s Law Electrostatic Force: F = kQ1Q2r2 where k = 8.99×109 Nm2C2Permittivity: k= 14πε0 where ε0 = 8.85 ×10-12 C2N·m2Electric Field: E = FQElectric Field: E = kQr2 where k = 8.99×109 Nm2C2Flux: Flux = (Electric Field)(Surface Area)Gauss’s Law: QEnclosedε0 = FluxThrough Closed SurfaceChapter 19Electric Potential: Electrical Potential = Potential EnergyChargeVolt: Volt = JouleCoulombWork and Electric Potential: W = qVElectric Potential and Electric Field: VAB = EdElectric Potential of a Point Charge: V = kQrCapacitance: C = QVCapacitance of a Parallel Plate Capacitor: C = ε0AdCapacitors in Series: 1Ceq=1C1+1C2Capacitors in Parallel: Ceq = C1+ C2Energy Stored in a Capacitor: ECap = QV2=CV22=Q22CChapter 20Current: Current = ChargeTimeAmpere: Ampere = CoulombSecondCharge on an electron: e = 1.60 ×10-19 CoulombOhm:  Ohm = Volt AmpereOhm’s Law: V = IRResistance of a Cylindrical Resistor: R = ρLATemperature Dependent Resistivity: ρ =ρ0(1+α△T)Power: P = IV = V2R=I2REnergy: E = PtAC Voltage: V = V0sin(2πft)AC Current: I = I0sin(2πft)Average Power: PAve = 12I0V0RMS Voltage: VRMS = V02RMS Current: IRMS = I02Average Power: PAve = IRMSVRMS = VRMS2R=IRMS2RChapter 21Resistors in Series: Req = R1+R2+R3…Resistors in Parallel: 1Req = 1R1+1R2+1R3+…Terminal Voltage: V = emf – IrKirchoff’s Junction Rule: The current entering into a junction is equal to current leaving a junction.Kirchoff’s Loop Rule: The sum of the potential drops around a loop is equal to zero.Chapter 22Force on a particle within a magnetic field: F = qvBsinθForce on a current carrying wire within a magnetic field: F = IlBsinθPermeability of Free Space: μ0 = 4π×10-7 TmARadius of a particle’s path within a magnetic field: r = mvqBTorque on a current loop within a magnetic field: τ = NIABsinθMagnetic Field Produced By a Long Straight Wire B = μ0I2πrMagnetic Field at the center of a loop: B = μ0I2RMagnetic Field Strength Inside a Solenoid: B = μ0nI where n = NlMagnetic Field Per Unit Length Between Two Parallel Current Carrying Wires: Fl= μ0I1I22πrChapter 23Magnetic Flux: ϕ = NBAcosθFaraday’s Law of Induction: emf = – N∆ϕ∆tTransformer Equation: VSVP=NSNPMutual Inductance: emf2 = -M∆I1∆temf1=-M∆I2∆tEmf From Self Inductance: emf = -L ∆L∆tSelf Inductance: L = N∆φ∆tSelf Inductance of a Solenoid: L = μ0N2AlEnergy Stored In an Inductor: Eind = 12LI2chapter 25Law of reflection: θincident = θreflectedLaw of Refraction (for small angles): n1sin θ1= n2sin θ2Law of Refraction (for small angles): n1θ1≈ n2θ2Critical Angle: θC = sin-1n2n1Power of a lens:P = 1fThin Lens Equation: 1f = 1i+1oFocal Length and Radius of Curvature’f = R2Index of Refraction for Air: nAir = 1Index of Refraction: n =cv where c is the speed of light in a vacuumMagnification Equation: m = h1ho = -ioTelescope Magnification Equation: M = -fofiChapter 27frequency and period: f = 1Tvelocity of a wave: c = fλSpeed of Light: c = 3.0×108msWavelength in a medium:λn = λnConstructive Interference for Double Slit Experiment:d sin θ = mλ where 0, 1,-1,2, -2 ,…. Destructive Interference for Double Slit Experiment: d sin θ = m+12λ where 0, 1,-1,2, -2 ,…. Constructive Interference for a diffraction grating: d sin θ = mλ where 0, 1,-1,2, -2 ,…. Raleigh Criterion for Diffraction:θ = 1.22λDThin Film Destructive Interference: 2t = λn22Transmitted Intensity of Polarized Light:I = I0cos2θBrewster’s Angle;tanθb =n2n1Energy of Emitted Photons: ∆E = hf = hcλRydberg Formula: 1λ = R1n2-1m2Rydberg Constant: R = 1.097×107 m-1Planck’s Constant: h = 6.626 ×10-34 JsPlanck’s Constant: h = 4.414 ×10-15 eVMomentum:  p = mvde Broglie Wavelength: λ = hp

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