____ refers to the production of novel and useful ideas.

Kohlberg’s three phases of moral development in order are law and order, instrumental exchange, and universal principle.

More premature babies than ever before are surviving due to improvements in medical knowledge and care. The ____ component of hospitals has influenced this improved survival rate.

Batteries currently used in cell phones have an annoyingly short life. The development of a new power source for cell phones would act as a technological substitute.

Even though education and communication, participation, negotiation, top management support, and coercion can all be used to manage resistance to change, coercion should only be used in crisis situations or as a last resort.

In a properly managed organization, there will be no resistance to needed change.

What is the standard size for endotracheal adapters?

CASE STUDY 17:  Your co-worker, Nate, is having problems with the youth that attend his inner-city afternoon recreation program.  You have agreed to stop by and spend an afternoon observing so you can give him feedback on how he might improve his approach.  Nate’s program is advertised as offering a broad range of activities in a local community facility using a youth empowerment philosophy. On a typical afternoon four youth workers staff the program.  Activities are held in a large metal building with a cement floor in the neighborhood where the youth live.  The interior space is open and not sub-divided by walls.  The building is surrounded by a fenced-in dirt yard mostly devoid of grass.  Approximately 30-40 youth ranging in ages from 10 to 18 attend the program daily and come directly from school.   Typically 80% of the youth are male and 20% female; most are first generation Canadians.  Across the street from the metal building is a fenced neighborhood playground where younger youth can play on swings, slides, climbing equipment and sand boxes under the supervision of program staff. On the afternoon that you observe, youth begin drifting in around 3:15 pm.  A basketball game is started on a court at one end of the building and as youth arrive they are expected to join the game or sit quietly and watch.  As the number of youth increases, the game is divided into two games to give more youth opportunity to participate.   The older males dominate the games and you notice the younger ones slowly disengaging from play and drifting around the perimeter of activity.  Few of the girls participate.  You notice some of the younger children following staff around asking when snacks will be served and when the younger group will be allowed to go to the playground across the street.  Others are entertaining themselves by running wildly through the basketball games and in and out through the doors. 

CASE STUDY 7:  Chance is a lanky 15-year-old grade 10 Portuguese Canadian student at a large (3,000-student) inner-city public high school for the Arts & Sciences. He has recently come to the attention of the school’s Attendance Officer for persistent truancy. At a school mandated parent conference, Chance’s parents revealed that Chance had been caught and charged with shoplifting at a nearby mall, and has been involved in several acts of vandalism in the larger community. His parents are afraid that Chance is involved in more than truancy, shoplifting and vandalism, and accept the Attendance Officer’s referral to an interdisciplinary Family Clinic for assessment and possible intervention. According to Mrs. Day, Chance’s mother, her relationship with Chance has gone from warm and friendly to constant anger and rage. She believes that the change in their relationship is directly related to her finding Chance and “a little slut” naked in his bed during school hours. Mr. Day counters that Chance is not appreciative of how hard he works to provide for them. He feels Chance only communicates when he wants money. Mr. Day also suspects Chance is using drugs, as he once caught him smoking pot. He suspended his allowance as a consequence, but did not pursue the matter because Chance promised him he’d stop. Documentation from Chance’s teachers indicates a gradual decline in his grades over the last year, with Chance frequently falling asleep in class. School performance and attendance has been the least of Chance’s problems. He plans to quit school the day he turns 16, and does not see the need to continue to study. He thinks the last time he attempted any schoolwork was at the beginning of the 10th grade – last semester.  Chance claimed both parents were too busy with their lives and were only doing this assessment because they worried that he would embarrass them. Chance does not communicate with his parents, and appears to ignore all their “rules”. The parents communicate with Chance only to yell at him or admonish him about things that he has or has not done. They continue to use their social influence to “bail” him out of his acts of delinquency. They feel they do not know this “monster”, and seem to see him as a threat to their younger son Harley. They want him “fixed” so they can have the old Chance back. Parents appear to have a strong committed relationship to each other, as well as memories of positive times with Chance. As an alternative to being charged with truancy, Chance and his parents agreed to follow through on the referral. Mr. Day has already arranged for Chance to meet with the judge in private chambers so that he can do community service in lieu of detention for the incidents of shoplifting and vandalism. Chance has agreed to this, and will work two evenings a week at a homeless shelter. His only emotional expression is a careless shrug. Chance admits to using pot, but feels that he is in control, as he only smokes late at night so that he can “sleep it off”. He also admitted to drinking close to a liter of vodka every couple of weeks just because it made him feel good. Chance has an older “friend” purchase the vodka and has been able to get a reliable and inexpensive supply of pot at school. Chance revealed that he has been sexually active since he was 14, but felt that he didn’t need protection against pregnancy because he was too young to get anyone pregnant. He has had several sexual partners, some he didn’t know. He now has a special girlfriend who is almost 14. They engage in sexual intercourse at her house or in his bedroom about three times a week. They never use protection.

CASE STUDY 12:  New Horizons is a group home that operates a therapeutic program in a large, city in Western Canada.  The program serves adolescent youth 13 to 17 years of age that are at-risk of serious emotional and behavioral problems.  The program serves both males and females. The backgrounds of the youth include broken families, school truancy, and shoplifting to being in provincial custody as a result of neglect, abuse and abandonment issues.  Many of the youth receive counseling and substance abuse services, and some of them are on a daily regimen of psychotropic medications.  Their assessments and diagnoses include ADHD, conduct disorders, oppositional-defiant disorder, mild depression, and a general deficit in educational achievement and personal development.  They tend to be impulsive, to have short attention spans, low frustration tolerance, low self-esteem, and a defensive response to authority figures. Problem-solving skills are limited for many of them as well.  Most of the teens in the program have had limited opportunities to be out of the city.  The program provides daily care and supervision, after school tutoring, mentoring, family crisis support, and recreational opportunities. Harry, a Youth Worker at the New Horizons home, had successfully secured a grant to plan and execute an extended summer camping trip for the residents.  Harry came to the program with extensive experience and skills in working with at-risk youth both in the community setting and in outdoor, adventure-based programs.  He wanted to include the following activities in the trip: low impact, back-country camping; river and lake canoeing; water and canoe safety; swimming; first aid instruction; food preparation; environmental awareness activities; journal writing; and group initiatives/challenges fostering cooperation and teamwork, problem solving skills, leadership development and personal growth.