In his forum, Dr. William Phillips stated that his belief in God was not scientific, although it was rational. Why did he say it wasn’t scientific?

The vertical columns on the periodic table are called families because they share similar chemical behavior. Why do they have the same behavior?

In an important experiment used to determine the nature of atoms, a gas like hydrogen, neon or mercury is excited by sparking it with electricity. The light emitted is separated out into individual colors using a prism or diffraction grating and a few lines of colored light are seen. The next three questions deal with your understanding of the mechanism behind these discrete spectra.    Jkasd, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons

The tires on your car get hot as you drive. In the next four questions, use your understanding of the molecular model of matter to explain the behavior of the air inside the tires.

As the tire is heated, what happens to the pressure inside?

The air in the tires is a mix of oxygen and nitrogen, 20% oxygen molecules and 80% nitrogen molecules. Oxygen has more mass than nitrogen. At any given temperature, how does the behavior of the two types of molecules compare?

In this chart, a periodic property is graphed for the first 35 elements on the periodic table. The first element of each row (Li, Na, and K) are indicated with squares and labeled on the graph. Identify patterns in the way this property changes along the first 3 rows.    Image Description Graph starts at 0 increases to about 1/2 for Li (the first element in row 2. Continues to increase for the next two elements, levels off, then drops to 0 for the final 4 elements of the row. Na (the first element in row 3) is at 1, increases for the next two elements, levels off, and drops to 0 for the last two elements. K (the first element in row 4) is at about 1. Increase for the next 8 elements, levels off, decreases for 6 elements, drops to 0 for the final element in the row Use the information in the chart to predict which of Rb, Pd, and Xe (atomic numbers of 37, 46, and 54) have the largest and smallest values of this property, then place them in order from smallest to largest. (smallest first, biggest last.)

  Dehydration is a worldwide problem. Even in the U.S., it has been suggested that nearly ¾ of the population live in a chronically dehydrated condition while being totally unaware of the problem. The effects of dehydration include a slowing down of the metabolism, increased fatigue, joint and back pain, loss of memory, as well as loss of mental focus. Imbibing 8 to 10 glasses of water daily, on the other hand, can mitigate joint pain, improve memory, and relieve some headaches. Drinking a glass of water when hunger pangs occur can even aid in dieting by silencing hunger pangs and speeding up metabolism. Researchers have discovered that taking in 5 or more glasses of water daily cuts the risk of colon cancer by almost 50% and the risk of breast cancer by about 80%.             Coke, on the other hand, is the preferred drink of millions of Americans. They are largely ignorant of the characteristics of this common beverage. Few, for instance, know that steak placed in a container of Coke will be dissolved in two days or less. Coke has been used to clean corrosion off the terminals of car batteries, to remove rust from chrome auto parts, and to remove grease from dirty clothing. Additionally, the citric acid in Coke makes it an ideal toilet bowl cleaner. Phosphoric acid in Coke is able to dissolve nails. In fact, those who consume the most Coke are at significantly greater chance of developing osteoporosis, a bone-wasting disease that makes bones brittle and easy to break. “Phosphoric acid in Coke is able to dissolve nails.“  The above statement is a statement of

  Dehydration is a worldwide problem. Even in the U.S., it has been suggested that nearly ¾ of the population live in a chronically dehydrated condition while being totally unaware of the problem. The effects of dehydration include a slowing down of the metabolism, increased fatigue, joint and back pain, loss of memory, as well as loss of mental focus. Imbibing 8 to 10 glasses of water daily, on the other hand, can mitigate joint pain, improve memory, and relieve some headaches. Drinking a glass of water when hunger pangs occur can even aid in dieting by silencing hunger pangs and speeding up metabolism. Researchers have discovered that taking in 5 or more glasses of water daily cuts the risk of colon cancer by almost 50% and the risk of breast cancer by about 80%.             Coke, on the other hand, is the preferred drink of millions of Americans. They are largely ignorant of the characteristics of this common beverage. Few, for instance, know that steak placed in a container of Coke will be dissolved in two days or less. Coke has been used to clean corrosion off the terminals of car batteries, to remove rust from chrome auto parts, and to remove grease from dirty clothing. Additionally, the citric acid in Coke makes it an ideal toilet bowl cleaner. Phosphoric acid in Coke is able to dissolve nails. In fact, those who consume the most Coke are at significantly greater chance of developing osteoporosis, a bone-wasting disease that makes bones brittle and easy to break. “They are largely ignorant of the characteristics of this common beverage. Few, for instance, know that steak placed in a container of Coke will be dissolved in two days or less.” What is the relationship between the two sentences above?

Almost 70 million animals are sacrificed annually in research labs across the nation. Among these are about half a million dogs, nearly 200,000 cats, and over 30,000 chimps plus millions of mice, rabbits, guinea pigs, goats, sheep, and even birds. Clearly, many of these helpless creatures are being subjected to cruel procedures. Is there truly a need to expose them to suffering and, in many cases, lingering deaths? Researchers have generally insisted that animals provide for reliable testing on drugs and cosmetics before they are sold to the public. Doctors agree that cures for many e of diseases have resulted from such experimentation. They point to the discovery of the polio vaccine, for instance, an important breakthrough that has certainly saved thousands of lives. The polio vaccine was made possible through the use of animal testing. Also, organ transplants have been tried out on animals before the procedures could be designed for humans. Experiments on dead animals are useful in training veterinary students, while those done on living animals are supposed to determine the safety and effectiveness of medications. Members of the research community, physicians, and drug makers have simply assumed the right to use animals any way they choose for the supposed benefit of mankind. Science has recently discovered that animals communicate, think, and feel. Some species even demonstrate altruism within their social groups. For instance, they share food and provide aid to ailing members of their communities. A few chimps and gorillas have learned simple sign language. Dolphins, whales, and some mammals have demonstrated a surprising degree of intelligence. Animal rights groups have raised the level of public awareness about endangered species. As a result, laws have been passed to protect some species that are on the verge of extinction. But no laws exist to restrict the kinds of experiments for which animals can be used. Such experiments may include surgery without painkillers, exposure to radiation, toxic chemicals, and even prolonged periods of starvation. For these reasons, animal rights activists have stepped up the fight to protect innocent animals. What have been the results of many of these tortuous experiments? Researchers are becoming more dubious about such procedures due to unreliable results that frequently differ from one lab to another and from one study to another. Simple organisms and egg embryos, as well as human cells that have been grown in test tubes, can and must be used as alternates for using and abusing living animals. “Members of the research community, medical profession, and drug makers have simply assumed the right to use animals in any manner they choose for the the supposed benefit of mankind.” The author’s claim in the sentence above is