To treat hyperthyroidism, methimazole, an inhibitor to the enzyme for thyroid synthesis, was prescribed, and the thyroxine level was decreased. Along with methimazole, metoprolol was prescribed, which is a b1 adrenergic receptor blocker. Explain which nervous system would be affected and why. 

45. Below are some of the reactions of the Kreb’s Cycle. Beginning with ONE glucose molecule, how many CO2 are released by the completion of the Kreb’s Cycle reactions shown below?  

Which hormone acts when the blood levels of calcium become too low?

59. The reactions of the Calvin Cycle of Photosynthesis are shown below. Where do these reactions occur in a cell?     

42. Below are some reactions of Glycolysis. Which of the steps of glycolysis in the diagram below involves an Endergonic Reaction and input of Activation Energy?  

31.  Which of the following shows the correct changes in thermodynamic properties for a chemical reaction in which Glycolysis begins the catabolic oxidation (breakdown) of glucose? (Recall that H= Enthalpy (Chemical Bonds), S=Entropy, G= Free Energy (Potential Energy) )

All of the following structures serve to stabilize synovial joints except

46. Below are some of the reactions of the Kreb’s Cycle. Carbon skeletons for amino acid synthesis are supplied by intermediates of the Kreb’s Cycle . Which intermediate of the Kreb’s Cycle shown below would supply the carbon skeleton for synthesis of a “5-carbon” amino acid? (Hint- pay attention to the 6 carbon molecule citrate that starts the Kreb cycle and where CO2 is released!)   

51. Below are the reactions of Ethanol Fermentation. Which molecule is losing electrons and being oxidized in the process of fermentation so the process of glycolysis can continue?     

BONUS! (2pts.) Aerobic Prokaryotes are able to run the Electron Transport Chain to generate ATP by Oxidative Phosphorylation. How cool! However, prokaryotes do not possess organelles like mitochondria where the Electron Transport Chain occurs. So where in these aerobic prokaryotes do you expect the reactions of the Electron Transport Chain can occur?