A given path has a cell delay of 0.9 ns and an interconnect delay of 1.8 ns. Assuming a hold time of 0.2 ns, what is the maximum clock skew that avoids hold violations?

A given circuit has the following paths between flip-flops: Path 1: 3.1 ns Path 2: 2.9 ns Path 3: 1.1 ns Path 4: 3.3 ns Assuming all flip-flops are in the same clock domain, what is the maximum clock frequency of this circuit ignoring setup & hold times? Specify your answer in MHz rounded to the nearest integer. (e.g.  the answer for 100.4 MHz should just be 100).

Which diabetes medication class is most likely to cause hypoglycemia when used as monotherapy?

Under Article V, how are proposed amendments ultimately ratified to become part of the Constitution?

The right to a jury trial is included in which Amendments?

4 free points for a 7am final. I hope you enjoyed the class!

You have a FIFO with a 2-cycle read latency feeding a pipeline that is 20 cycles deep. For an absorption FIFO with 32 elements, what  does the programmable full threshold need to be ensure no data is lost? The threshold is the number of elements in the FIFO at which almost/programmable full gets asserted.

Analyze the following excerpt from the Constitutional Convention debate over the international slave trade: Col. [George] Mason [of Va.]. This infernal trade originated in the avarice of British merchants… The present question concerns not the importing states alone, but the whole Union…. Maryland and Virginia, he said, had already prohibited the importation of slaves expressly. North Carolina had done the same in substance. All this would be in vain if South Carolina and Georgia be at liberty to import. The Western people are already calling out for slaves for their new lands, and will fill that country with slaves, if they can be got through South Carolina and Georgia. Slavery discourages arts and manufactures…. They produce the most pernicious effect on manners. Every master of slaves is born a petty tyrant. They bring the judgment of Heaven on a country. As nations cannot be rewarded or punished in the next world, they must be in this. By an inevitable chain of causes and effects, Providence punishes national sins by national calamities. He lamented that some of our Eastern [Northeastern] brethren had, from a lust of gain, embarked in this nefarious traffic….He held it essential, in every point of view, that the general government should have power to prevent the increase of slavery. Mr. Ellsworth [of Conn.], as he had never owned a slave, could not judge of the effects of slavery on character. He said, however, that it was to be considered in a moral light, we ought to go further, and free those already in the country. As slaves also multiply so fast in Virginia and Maryland that it is cheaper to raise than import them, whilst in the sickly rice swamps foreign supplies are necessary, if we go no further than is urged, we shall be unjust towards South Carolina and Georgia. Let us not intermeddle… Question: Why did Ellsworth state that “he had never owned a slave, could not judge of the effects of slavery on character…however, that it was to be considered in a moral light, we ought to go further, and free those already in the country”?  In other words, what information helps to accurate analyze why Ellsworth said this after Mason gave his impassioned position?

Which therapy is considered first-line for long-term control of persistent asthma?

A patient with advanced chronic kidney disease is being evaluated for diabetes therapy. Which class should be avoided due to risk of drug accumulation and toxicity?