Republicanism, with its emphasis on individual rights and self-determination, held more appeal to Spanish criollos than nativism, which they saw as backward.

In which war did the British actually take Manila?

What threw thousands of sailors into poverty just before the Golden Age of Piracy?

What is the best description of afrancesados?

The War of Jenkins’ Ear helped to draw the British into which larger European war?

Although many merchant captains were cruel or unfair, they could count on their crew to protect them if pirates seized their ship.

What is the best description of the alcabala?

What is the best description of the concept of patria chica?

What is the primary purpose of ExifTool when processing images in a scripting workflow?

Exif data includes only the camera model and ISO settings.