A 20-year-old woman has visited her family physician due to occasional bouts of bloody diarrhea over the past several weeks, a phenomenon that she experienced 2 years prior as well. Her physician has diagnosed her with ulcerative colitis based on her history and visualization of the affected region by colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy. Which pathophysiologic phenomenon is most likely to underlie the client’s health problem?

A 3-year-old girl has just been diagnosed with type 1A diabetes. Her parents are currently receiving education from the diabetes education nurse. How can the nurse best explain to the parents the etiology (cause) of their daughter’s diabetes?

A nurse practitioner is providing care for a male client with a longstanding hiatal hernia. Which statement most accurately captures an aspect of the pathophysiology of hiatal hernias?

A pediatrician is teaching a group of medical students about some of the particularities of heart failure in children as compared with older adults. Which statement by the physician best captures an aspect of these differences?

A middle-aged woman is admitted with acute pyelonephritis. Which assessment finding correlates with this diagnosis?

Mr. V. has been admitted for exacerbation of his chronic heart failure (HF). When the nurse walks into his room, he is sitting on the edge of the bed, gasping for air, and his lips are dusty blue. Vital signs reveal heart rate 112, respiratory rate 36, and pulse oximeter reading of 81%. He starts coughing up frothy, pink sputum. The priority intervention is:

A client has developed hypersplenism caused by portal hypertension. Which laboratory value(s) will the nurse recognize as correlating with this diagnosis? Select all that apply.

A community health nurse is preparing an awareness campaign about the risks factors for developing hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Which risk factors should the nurse include? Select all that apply.

The nurse is caring for several clients. Given the typical treatments for each of the listed client conditions, which client should the nurse prioritize as most at risk for acute gastrointestinal bleeding?

A nurse is collecting a urine specimen prior to measuring the albumin level in a client’s urine. A colleague states, “I thought albumin was related to liver function, not the kidney.” How can the nurse best respond to this statement?