Which of the following would be a risk factor for restless leg syndrome?

Minutes after a near-miss MVC, a patient’s pulse rises to 128/min and SBP to 168 mmHg. Which organ-level mechanism primarily drives the rapid rise in cardiac output?

The texture of a fugue is

A teen with chronic stress shows amygdala hyperreactivity and weaker PFC control. Which mechanism best links this to epigenetics?

Match each immune cell to its correct type of immunity (innate or adaptive):

At 4:30 AM, cortisol rises in a healthy adult. Which statement about MR (mineralocorticoid receptor) vs GR (glucocorticosteroid receptor) occupancy is most accurate at this time?

After a marathon, a runner’s deep sleep is enriched. Which physiologic processes are most linked to sleep stage NREM3?

A nurse smells smoke and takes a deep breath to investigate. Which receptor best explains bronchodilation that improves airflow during acute stress?

Caffeine at 8 PM impairs sleep onset. On which sleep-promoting system does caffeine act as a competitive antagonist upstream?

Match the anatomical area or gland with the hormone it secretes: