Explain what it means if a particular node in a Bayesian phylogenetic analysis has 90% posterior probability.

We have run a likelihood search for a molecular data set, and we find that a particular tree with branch lengths has a log-likelihood score of -2467.  What does this number mean? (note that ^ in the answers means ‘to the power of’)

Explain what is meant by ‘long branch attraction’, and why this happens.

A parsimony analysis produces a tree of length 72.  What does the number 72 refer to?

In a Bayesian analysis, a subanalysis that allows the MCMC to make a large leap across tree space (thus avoiding getting stuck in a local optima) is termed:

Which of the following phylogenetic approaches never incorporates a model of evolution?

Explain the difference between a human and being a person, and how there can be “non-human” persons.” Give an example of a non-human person.

In phylogenetics, how does a bootstrap analysis work?

Explain two different problems with (objections to / criticisms of) rational egoism.

Estimate the maximum first-order time constant (in seconds to four significant digits) that an in-core neutron flux sensor can have and remain effective at performing BWR stability measurements.  Clearly state any facts and assumptions used to arrive at your answer.