A patient with pneumonia and underlying COPD is being mechanically ventilated in the VC-CMV mode with VT 650 mL. The resulting PaCO2 is 62 mm Hg. What change should be made to the VT to obtain a desired PaCO2 of 50 mm Hg for this patient?

The normal range for mean arterial pressure in an adult patient is what:

18-year-old MALE found unresponsive at a party 
(wt 60 kg, ht 64 inches [162.6 cm]). What is the Predicted Body Weight for this patient?

A patient in the ICU receives oxygen by nasal cannula at 3L/min. while monitored with pulse oximetry. The pulse oximetry displays an SP02 of 75% with a heart rate of 55/minute. In order to confirm the accuracy of the pulse oximeter reading, the respiratory therapist should recommend. 

PaO2 of 65. Fio2 of 50%. What is the PF ratio?

You are at the bedside of a newly intubated patient and receive verbal vent settings from the doctor of RR- 12, Vt-480, PEEP- 5 and Fio2 of 100%. When charting in the patients record, you notice that the order is written as PEEP of 8. What is your best course of action?

A 6yo has just entered the ER in respiratory arrest. Which drawer of the Broselow cart would you open?

A 51 year-old asthmatic patient is struggling to initiate inspiration on a mechanical ventilator that is operating in the assist-control mode. Which of the following settings would you first check in order to resolve of this problem?

What factors determine safety to undergo a spontaneous breathing trial?  1. Patient is hemodynamically stable (not on vasopressors or on a low dose of vasopressors)  2. FiO2 is less than or equal to 50%  3. PEEP less than or equal to 8 • 4. Patient can initiate an inspiratory effort (i.e. not apneic)

A. In the mucous membrane of the above cross-section, is the epithelium stratified or simple? B. Explain why the epithelium of the esophagus is either stratified or simple. (hint: what is the function of the esophagus) C. Explain why, if epithelial tissue is scratched but not deep enough to reach the basement membrane, there is no bleeding.