Equinoxes are significant astronomical events that occur twice each year as part of Earth’s orbit around the Sun. Which of the following best describes what happens during the event? 

What do we call the small rocky bodies that orbit the Sun and range from a few meters to hundreds of kilometers in diameter?

Astronomers use the Doppler effect to study the motion of stars and galaxies relative to Earth. How does the light from a star or galaxy appear when it is Moving away from Earth? 

Europa is one of Jupiter’s Galilean moons. It is covered by a thick layer of ice, but scientists believe that the structure beneath its icy shell is different. What is this underneath structure?

Neptune’s discovery stands out as a remarkable achievement in the history of astronomy because it was predicted mathematically before being seen through a telescope. What prompted the search for the new planet? 

Electromagnetic waves span a wide range of frequencies and wavelengths, forming the electromagnetic spectrum. Which of the following is NOT a part of the electromagnetic spectrum?

Pluto’s orbit differs significantly from that of the eight major planets. What makes its orbital path unique? 

Telescopes are essential tools in observational astronomy, and they come in two main types: refracting and reflecting. Which of the following is the correct statement about them?

In astronomy, distances within our solar system are often expressed using a specific unit — astronomical unit (AU). How is this unit defined? 

Johannes Kepler formulated three fundamental laws of planetary motion in the early 17th century and revolutionized astronomy. Which of the following statements is NOT one of Kepler’s laws?