In the discontinuous series of Bowen’s reaction series, the first mineral to crystallize from a mafic melt is

Below is a photo of an outcrop where bedrock, unconsolidated sediments, and soil are all visible. Which of the three materials is youngest?Click to view larger image.

The pillow basalts in the photo below most likely formed ____________.

Sea level rises locally, and marine sediments are deposited on top of terrestrial sediments during events termed

Slab pull occurs because subducting slabs are _________, and therefore are _________ dense than the surrounding asthenosphere.

This image shows a chemical reaction that is primarily responsible for the chemical deterioration of limestone. Which form of chemical weathering does the figure show?Click to view larger image.

A fast-moving wet slurry consisting of a mixture of water and volcaniclastic debris is termed a ________.

In this image, volatiles that were driven off of the subducting slab have caused the mantle to melt. What kind of melting does this figure show?Click to view larger image.

Volcanic eruptions vary in size from very small to extremely large events. This image shows the different stages of a cataclysmic eruption. What type of eruption is shown by this sequence of images?Click to view larger image.

The __________ can flow while the __________ is a rigid solid.