Consider the following data points and their class labels: [P1: (1, 3, 4), A], [P2: (7, 2, 4), B], [P3: (8, 1, 6), B], [P4: (7, 7, 1), A], [P5, (2, 1, 1), A]. We want to use the distance weighted 3-NN classification with this data.  Each point at a distance of d has a vote of (1/d) for predicting thee class label.   (a) (8) For the query point (4, 4, 4) find and report the data points in its 3-nearest-neighbor list, their weights for decision, and the class label that should be assigned to this query point.     (b) (6) What is gained and what is lost when we increase the value of K in a K-NN classifier?

Answer the following in the context of the Adaboost algorithm. (No formulas, only language description). (a) (4) Which points are given higher/lower weights after learning each weak-classifier?   (b) (4) How is the weight for each data point used by the algorithm?   (c) (4) How do we assign weights to weak classifiers for their contribution to the global decision?

Consider the following three data vectors. D1: (4, 6, 7, 9), D2:(6, 9, 10, 14), and D3: (4, 6, 2, 1). (a) (3) What are the Manhattan distances for the data-point pairs: D1-D2: D1-D3: D2-D3: (b) (5) What are the cosine similarities for the data-point pairs: D1-D2: D1-D3: D2-D3: (c) (2) Which two pints are the closest as per the Manhattan distance?   (d) (2) Which two points are the closest as per the Cosine similarity?

List and describe five laryngeal visualization methods.

The muscle responsible for vocal fold abduction is the

Define the four lung volumes and four lung capacities (Create a chart. Use the image from p.70).

The process of moving air into and out of the airways and lungs in order to exchange oxygen entering the lungs and carbon dioxide leaving the lungs is 

Compare and contrast the anatomical aspects of the trachea and the esophagus.  

During inspiration, the diaphragm

Describe the advantages of including acoustic and visual methods of voice analysis in clinical practice.