Todd is a 52-year-old male with a past medical history of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and hypertension who was recently diagnosed with iron-deficiency anemia. After discussion with his physician, he agrees to try adjusting his diet to include more iron. After several months, there is no improvement in Todd’s condition. His primary care physician prescribes an initial dose of ferrous sulfate 325 mg by mouth twice daily. Which important factors should be considered prior to Todd initiating ferrous sulfate therapy? 

What is the onset of action of short-acting insulin such as lispro and aspart?

Which monitoring is needed for iron replacement therapy? 

Which of the following hypoglycemic agents have been associated with weight loss?

Which of the following antihypertensive medications should not be used as a first-line treatment for a person with essential hypertension and no other medical conditions?  

A 52-year-old man who suffers from angina when he climbs stairs or participates in similar activities receives a prescription for nitroglycerin (glyceryl trinitrate). He is instructed to take a tablet 1 or 2 minutes before he expects to climb stairs to prevent the angina. What is the mechanism of action of nitroglycerin that prevents angina from developing in this patient?

A 74-year-old man who self-describes himself as being African-American is taking metoprolol, losartan, furosemide, and digoxin to treat his heart failure. However, he still has some symptoms of heart failure. The most appropriate drug to add to this patient’s drugs is

An 83-year-old female patient whom you have followed for many years has just been admitted to a nursing home following a short hospitalization. Because of a steady decline in function and lack of family and social support, you and the patient have come to the realization that she can no longer safely live alone in her home and her needs were too great for assisted living. Her medical problems include: heart failure, chronic atrial fibrillation, osteoarthritis, and depression. Her current medications are: warfarin, furosemide, acetaminophen, calcium carbonate, lisinopril, metoprolol, and fluoxetine. Both the patient and the nursing staff report poor sleep and depressed mood for the last 2 weeks, and the nurses are asking for a sleep aid. What is the best next step in the management of her insomnia? 

An 83-year-old female patient whom you have followed for many years has just been admitted to a nursing home following a short hospitalization. Because of a steady decline in function and lack of family and social support, you and the patient have come to the realization that she can no longer safely live alone in her home and her needs were too great for assisted living. Her medical problems include: heart failure, chronic atrial fibrillation, osteoarthritis, and depression. Her current medications are: warfarin, furosemide, acetaminophen, calcium carbonate, lisinopril, metoprolol, and fluoxetine. Both the patient and the nursing staff report poor sleep and depressed mood for the last 2 weeks, and the nurses are asking for a sleep aid. What is the best next step in the management of her insomnia? 

A 46-year-old woman has a urinary tract infection which has become a systemic infection with fever and lethargy. Nitrofurantoin, an effective urinary antiseptic, would not be recommend for her treatment because