Race is a sociological concept used to distinguish people by their cultural characteristics.​

The growth of the penal system tends to be random in nature and scope.​

Correctional officers have total power over inmates.​

​Racial disparities become racial ___________ if people who are otherwise similar in their criminality are treated differently by the criminal justice system because of their race.

Which of the following is not a union for correctional officers today?​

Most correctional employees receive equal pay raises regardless of performance.​

​_________ offenders are more likely to seek solitude.

Bureaucracies tend to increase the personnel and resources used to maintain manage the organization.​

Many observers believe the relationship between racism and the criminal justice system is reciprocal.​

​The last public execution in American took place in Wheeling, West Virginia, on November 17, 1929.