A 37-year-old, obviously pregnant woman complains of sharp, tearing abdominal pain. She reports that she is pregnant with her fifth child, but states she cannot remember the exact due date. The patient has a history of drug use and states that she last smoked crack cocaine approximately 30 minutes ago. You suspect:

Atropine is used in

The Bötzinger complex:

The parameter that provides the maximal stimulus to the peripheral chemoreceptor is:

A right-shift of the O2-Hemoglobin curve is:

An adult initially has normal alveolar ventilation (V.A) and perfusion (Q˙). A pulmonary embolism now completely obstructs the right main pulmonary artery. However, overall alveolar ventilation and perfusion remain unchanged. Arterial PO2 will:

Muscles contributing to forced expiration include:

Compared to normal adult hemoglobin (HbA), fetal hemoglobin (HbF):

When a trapeze artist hangs by the knees, the ventilation/perfusion (V.A/Q.) ratio is:

When a trapeze artist hangs by the knees, his alveolar ventilation (V.A) is: