Q46. Two membranes are at the same temperature. Membrane A has phospholipids with long, saturated fatty acid tails. Membrane B has phospholipids with shorter, more unsaturated tails. Which prediction is most accurate?

Q30. DNA must be stable but also able to separate during replication and transcription. Why are hydrogen bonds between base pairs well-suited for this role?

Q37. Humans can digest starch effectively but cannot digest cellulose. The best explanation is that:

Q17. A protein depends on attraction between a positively charged side chain and a negatively charged side chain to maintain its shape. In very high NaCl, the protein is more likely to unfold because:

Q19. Disulfide bonds are best described as:

Q10. Two proteins bind because one region is positively charged and the other is negatively charged. After adding lots of NaCl, binding weakens because:

Q16. A protein is briefly placed in a pH 2 solution at room temperature and quickly loses its shape and function. What is the most likely explanation?

Q43. A cell maintains a higher concentration of Na⁺ inside than outside for long periods of time. Which transport process could directly maintain that condition?

Q9. A carboxyl group (–COOH) is moved from pH 4 to pH 9. The carboxyl group is now more likely to be:

Q15. A protein is heated and its alpha helices begin to unravel. Which interaction was most directly disrupted?