In the years after 1450, the spread of gunpowder weaponry equalized power between large and small states and made global warfare much less expensive and less deadly.

Although the Mongols rapidly built the world’s largest overland empire, yet they failed to:

What was the main reason Spanish rulers Ferdinand and Isabella supported Christopher Columbus’s expedition in 1492?

Identify: Reformer who transformed his realm into a major power by modernizing its military, government, and culture and building a new capital of St. Petersburg.

Why does air spiral into or out of a pressure system rather than travel in a straight line? 

The 16th century’s religious wars between Catholics and Protestants did not affect colonial rivalries in the race to make contact with foreign peoples.

Ming China, the Ottomans, and the Portuguese all acquired territory through military conquest, but only the Ottomans pursued large state-sponsored naval expansionism overseas.

Although on separate continents, both the Chinese and Inca empires during the 15th century possessed highly centralized governments, efficient bureaucracies, and established systems of taxation.

What was the large landowner tactic used in England to take control and make private use of land that traditionally had been commonly owned to benefit the local populace?

Eastern European peoples and their rulers, like those of Kyiv and Moscow, looked to Rome for their spiritual, cultural, and architectural inspiration and guidance.