Adults of the invertebrate species in the Phylum Chordata look and behave exactly like fish, but have completely flexible bodies because they lack backbones

bony fishes 

Vertical zonation patterns in the distribution of prominent space-occupying species is due to differences among species in their ability to tolerate salt water immersion at high tide  

Vertical zonation patterns in the distribution of prominent space-occupying species is due to differences among species in their ability to tolerate air exposure at low tide  

One advantage of diminished populations of green turtles is that sea grass blades are allowed to grow longer, benefitting not only the plants, but also the entire ecosystem

Dominant structure-providing organisms were consumed by very large herbivores until humans consumed too many of those large herbivores.

A ‘functional food web’ provides a visual description of the exact amount of energy that flows from lower to higher trophic levels.

Health of the ecosystem would benefit if populations of currently depleted large herbivores could rebuild, because the dominant plants are more vulnerable to self-shading and disease when they get too large 

Most likely to become anoxic    

Predicts that the highest species diversity is not likely to occur under extremely stable, benign environmental conditions