For questions 36-39, refer to the following ventilator waveforms generated during PC-CMV: Picture4.1(3).pngPicture4.2(3).png What is the most likely interpreation of these scalers?

Refer to the following ventilator waveforms for questions 40-44: Picture5.png What is the VTE?

A patient is on VC-CMV with a set VT of 450 mL. At 1000, you respond to the ventilator alarming. The VTe is 350 mL. While adding the air to the cuff, you hear a hissing sound coming from the pilot line. The most appropriate action to take at this time is to:

A patient has late-onset VAP. Which of the following is correct?

Use the following P-V loop to answer questions 30-33. Picture1(2).png Which of the following is the most accurate estimate of the UIPd? 

The care team and family have decided to transition her to home mechanical ventilation. What strategies would you use to ensure her quality of life while on long-term ventilation (list at least 3 additional parts to your care plan)? 

At 0800 a patient on mechanical ventilation has a peak inspiratory pressure of 26 cmH2O and a plateau pressure of 22 cmH2O. At 1000 the same patient has a peak inspiratory pressure of 31 cm H2O and a plateau pressure of 23 cm H2O. What three things might this indicate, and what corrective actions/interventions could you take for each? What additional waveforms might be useful in helping you diagnose which issue this data presents? 

Using what you learned from this semester concerning normal cardiac values and the impacts of PPV on the specific body systems, answer the following questions based on a patient with significant blood loss (hemorrhagic shock/hypovolemia).Explain how positive‑pressure ventilation (PPV) affects hemodynamics in hemorrhagic shock, specifically preload, venous return, and cardiac output.Describe two ventilator strategies you would modify to reduce further hemodynamic compromise and explain why each matters.Identify two additional assessment priorities for this patient (besides ventilator parameters).Name at least two non‑ventilator treatments the respiratory therapist should anticipate or support as part of interprofessional management.

Describe the key steps in the “Stop the Bleed” protocol and their importance. Include: (a) when to pack a wound vs. apply a tourniquet; (b) whether multiple tourniquets may be used; (c) what qualifies as life-threatening bleeding; (d) approximate total blood volume in an adult; (e) two supportive actions to mitigate shock. 

Explain the specific steps of MR SOPA. Make sure to include any additional actions practitioners should take between steps.