A 25-year-old male taking high-dose amphetamines for ADHD develops agitation and elevated heart rate. Which neurotransmitter’s excessive synaptic activity is MOST implicated?

A patient with treatment-resistant depression has had two adequate SSRI trials without response. Which evidence-based next step is MOST appropriate?

A 30-year-old man on paroxetine for MDD reports anorgasmia and decreased libido. What is the BEST pharmacologic strategy?

A 34-year-old with chronic insomnia asks how benzodiazepines work. Which explanation is most accurate?

A patient with multiple chronic psychiatric conditions is nonadherent. Which intervention is MOST effective?

A 30-year-old man with schizophrenia is very concerned about weight gain and metabolic syndrome. Which antipsychotic is MOST appropriate to offer?

An 11-year-old on methylphenidate ER develops new-onset palpitations during sports. Vitals show tachycardia. What is the BEST next step?

A 63-year-old with bipolar disorder and chronic kidney disease (eGFR 35) is stable on lithium. Which statement is MOST accurate regarding renal impairment?

A 26-year-old with OUD on buprenorphine reports continued cravings and intermittent opioid use. What is the BEST medication-management approach?

A patient is prescribed lorazepam for short-term management of acute anxiety. The PMHNP explains that benzodiazepines exert their anxiolytic effects through which mechanism?