Mary, a light-complexioned African-American, is the manager of the cosmetics department at a large retail store. She does not promote Susan, a brown-complexioned African-American who is eligible for the promotion, because Mary believes that customers prefer lighter-skinned cosmetic consultants. Thus, Susan:

Mary is claiming that she was subjected to racial harassment by her co-workers. To hold her employer liable for racial harassment, Mary must prove that: (Choose the best answer.)

Mary, a white woman, is married to an African-American man and has a biracial son. She works as a counselor for a large private school. One day, Mary’s husband and son stop by the school to pick her up after work. A few days later, Mary is fired from her job without any reasonable cause. Mary believes that the termination is based on her employer’s reaction to her husband and son. Thus, Mary has a claim under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 based on:

Bob studied voice, opera, and Jewish liturgical music at the Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary. After he graduated, he applied for a job as a cantor to lead prayer services at a synagogue in Plano. The synagogue refused to consider him for the job because he is not Jewish. If Bob files an employment discrimination claim against the synagogue, the synagogue can:

Employees can sue under the state or federal Constitution for a denial of equal protection if they work for the government or for a private employer.

An independent contractor must pay all employment-related taxes on his or her own.

Employers are liable for most torts committed by an independent contractor within the scope of the working relationship.

Bob was an employee at Cougar Commercial Realty. Per Bob’s work agreement, his monthly income was supplemented by substantial commissions that the company promised to pay based on his performance. Bob had been working on a major real estate deal for five months and had almost seized the deal when he was fired from his job. Even though his employer got the major deal, Bob was not paid any commission for his hard work on that deal. Thus, it can be concluded that Bob has a:

Bob is a paying resident at the McKinney Senior Center. He is often seen making ethnic slurs at Mary, an Indonesian employee. He also refuses to be served or helped by her and others of the same national origin as Mary. Sometimes, he even complains to the other residents that Mary is not qualified for her job and needs to be replaced. Mary reports these statements to her supervisor but is asked to ignore Bob because he is just a strange old man. Mary files a complaint of national origin discrimination. Which of the following holds true in this scenario?

Mary, an electronics assembler at Fox Industries Factory, is sexually propositioned by Bob, who is the head of the quality control department. Upon Mary’s refusal, Bob starts finding fault with the quality of her work, and she is eventually demoted. Mary believes that if she complains against Bob to the company’s management, no action will be taken against him because of his reputation with senior management. Though Fox Industries has a sexual harassment policy in place, Mary does not use it. Instead, she files a complaint with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). Which of the following holds true in this case?