We notice the IVC diameter measures less than 2.1 cm and the collapsibility of the IVC is greater than 50%.  What right atrial pressure would we give this patient?

PATHOLOGY A 22 year old male presents to the echo lab to screen for heart disease.  The patient had a history of passing out during football practice in high school, and his father died suddenly in his early 30s. Upon examination, the ejection fraction is 65%, the E inflow velocity of the mitral valve appears lower than the velocity of the A wave.  What is the most likely diagnosis?

PATHOLOGY QUESTION What happens in left ventricular dyskinesis?

PATHOLOGY QUESTION When the left ventricle begins to abnormally relax, the E wave ___.

PATHOLOGY QUESTION An 80 year female has an E wave at the same velocity as the  A wave.  What do you suspect and what must you do?

Describe the difference between exploratory and explanatory analysis of data. Then explain the 3 elements of  explanatory analysis which should be clear before you begin the process of designing content and creating a data visualization.

Left heart contrast agents are used to delineate ________.

Each data visualization story should be constructed with a beginning, middle, and end. Explain what needs to be addressed when you create content for each of these 3 sections of your story.           

Despite their differences, Hamilton in fact was responsible for getting Jefferson elected president in 1800

in general, many Federalists did not support the War of 1812