A framework and theoretical construct that is used to describe and compare different forms of criminal behavior:

A proletariat is also known as the working class:  

Within Marxist theory, the working class:

In rational choice theory, decisions about whether or not to engage in crime in general, as opposed to satisfying the needs and wants with criminal alternatives;

Defined by Durkheim, as a person somehow offended by the rules of society, who wishes to change those rules for the better.  This “criminal” is motivated by a sense of duty to improve society:

Term used by Lombrosso to describe people whom he believed were “evolutionary throwbacks” to a more primitive line of human beings: 

“Blatant racial discrimination may no longer exist in most circles, instead a more subtle, equally defeating form of racism has emerged, promoting continued denial of full civil rights to the descendants of historically oppressed racial ethnic minorities.”   According to class lectures, the above statement acknowledges the presence and impact of trans-generational oppression.

An annual report published by the FBI since 1930 consisting of crimes reported to and uncovered by police.  Currently this report is the major source of nationwide data, containing information from most U.S. jurisdictions:

If you are given 3/8 of a pie, into how many parts has the pie been divided?

In order to renew licenses or maintain certification, individuals must obtain additional hours of education called          .