In Roman society, the most important division was between pa…
In Roman society, the most important division was between patricians, a small wealthy social class who held political power, and plebeians, the majority of Roman people. Originally, all public offices were only open to patricians and the different social classes could not intermarry. Tensions between the two classes grew, especially since the poorer residents of the city provided the bulk of the army. Why should they fight in a war if all of the profits go to the wealthy? Finally, in 494 BCE the plebeians went on strike, refusing to work or serve in the military. The strike worked, and the plebeians gained the right to elect their own officials, known as Tribunes and hold jobs in the government. Most adult, free-born men within the city limits held Roman citizenship. Citizenship gave political and legal rights to free individuals. Free-born women in ancient Rome were considered citizens, but they could not vote or hold political office. Both spouses had to be citizens in order to marry. Children born from a legal, free union between two Roman citizens acquired citizenship at birth. Roman citizens had obligations to the state and failure to perform citizenship duties could result in the loss of privileges. For example, men who refused military service lost their right to vote. Under Roman law, enslaved workers were considered property and held no rights. However, certain laws did regulate the institution of slavery, and extended protections to workers. Slaves who had been manumitted (legally freed from slavery) became freedmen and enjoyed many of the same rights as free-born citizens. Romans regarded slavery as a circumstance of birth, misfortune, or war, rather than being determined by ethnicity or race. Because it was defined as a lack of legal rights and status, Romans did not consider slavery a permanent or inescapable position. Nonetheless, many workers labored under harsh conditions, and/or suffered inhumanely under their owners during their enslavement. Most freed slaves joined the lower plebeian classes, and worked as farmers or tradesmen, though as time progressed and their numbers increased, many were also accepted into the wealthier classes. QUESTIONS: According to the reading, what were the class divisions and gender roles in Roman society? What rights and responsibilites did Roman citizens have? What were the characteristics of the institution of slavery in early Rome?? Your answer must be in your own words- do not use direct quotes. Your answer must be a minimum of 75 words.
Read DetailsYou will have 40 minutes to complete the following: Write a…
You will have 40 minutes to complete the following: Write a title you think you will use (punctuate it correctly). Draft the first paragraph of the narrative essay. Thesis: Write your thesis as the last sentence of the paragraph (For example, Thesis: That was the day I learned…) IF you have time and are prepared, go ahead and show how you intend to use dialogue in the essay. (I want to see that you know how to punctuate dialogue).
Read DetailsThe Roman Republic was founded in 509 BCE after the last Etr…
The Roman Republic was founded in 509 BCE after the last Etruscan king was overthrown. At the heart of the Republic was the Senate. The Senate was the seat of government, and the major political body throughout much of its history. It controlled the spending of state money, which made it extremely powerful, and its rulings were usually obeyed. The number of men elected varied, but typically averaged from 300 to 600 senators. Once elected, senators served for life unless they were convicted of a crime or impeached. During the early period of the Republic, every senator came from an elite family, known as the patrician class. Only men could serve as senators and many had military experience. The consuls were the two highest elected officials of the Republic. Each consul served for a one-year term as a leader in the Senate. Consuls also had command over the Roman military. In times of crisis or emergency, the Senate could appoint a dictator in place of the consuls, a temporary position held for a maximum of six months. Over the centuries, the Senate was repeatedly tested by both internal and external forces and a series of civil wars plagued the Republic. During these civil wars, a prominent general named Julius Caesar began gaining power. He commanded the loyalty of the soldiers in his army and he enjoyed substantial wealth. The Senate, fearful of Caesar’s power, demanded he give up command of his army and return to Rome as a citizen. Caesar refused, and marched his army south directly into Rome. As a result, another civil war erupted between Caesar and his rivals. Caesar emerged victorious and forced the Senate to name him dictator for life. Some leaders feared Caesar would become a tyrant with this new title and popularity. On March 15, 44 BCE, a group of senators assassinated Caesar in the Senate, believing they were saving the Republic. In the end, however, the ruthless act plunged Rome into further chaos, and the Roman Empire was born. In response to Caesar’s death, his great nephew Octavian, who went on to become Augustus Caesar, the first Emperor of Rome. QUESTIONS: According to the reading, what were the characteristics of the Roman Senate? Who was Julius Caesar and what role did he play in the fall of the Roman Republic? Your answer must be in your own words- do not use direct quotes. Your answer must be a minimum of 75 words.
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