Sugar consumption directly leads to increased acid production by bacteria in dental plaque.

The production of acids by bacteria in plaque leads to [BLANK-1] of enamel, initiating caries; this is central to the [BLANK-2] theory of caries.

Which statement best describes a primary preventive approach for dental caries?

Remineralization can occur without any mineral supply from saliva or diet.

According to the G.V. Black classification, which caries type is most commonly found on chewing surfaces of back teeth?

Xerostomia (dry mouth) increases caries risk by reducing saliva-mediated remineralization.

If a carious lesion is mild and a stimulus to the dentin is not severe, which type of dentin is typically formed as a protective response?

For the information in numbers 1-4, choose the highest level of measurement.[2 points each]

What is the output of the following code? int x = 15; do {     if (x % 2 != 0)         x = x / 2;     else         x = x – 4;     System.out.println(x); } while (x > 2);

Convert the following if-else-if statement to its equivalent switch statement. if (x == 15 || x == 20) {     y = 2 * x; } else if (x == 23) {     y = x – 2; } else {     x = x + 5; }