Which of the following factors can stabilize predator-prey relationships by providing a prey refuge?

When the average mass of individual plants in a stand is plotted against stand density (log-transformed), the slope of the relationship is very often around

Most heterotrophs use [carbon] as their carbon source and [energy] as their energy source.

__________ is the ability of a community or ecosystem to maintain structure in the face of potential disturbance.

Detritivores are [detritivores] that consume [food].

  Which line on this diagram represents an island close to the mainland? [close] Which line represents a small island? [small]  

Bonus: Explain the difference in time required for primary forest succession at Glacier Bay, Alaska and secondary succession in the North Carolina piedmont.

Which of the following organisms depend on mutualisms?

Select all trophic classifications possible in prokaryotes.

The passenger pigeon’s extinction is attributed to logging and the bird’s ______