Key Terms: Independent or Dependent Variable  Amygdala  Neuroplasticity  Sympathetic nervous system  Sensory adaptation  Selective attention  Top-down or Bottom-up processing  Executive function  Hippocampus  Meditation  General adaptation syndrome  Priming   REM sleep   Third variable problem  External validity  HPA axis  Problem-focused coping  Intrinsic or Extrinsic Motivation   Yerkes-Dodson law  Homeostasis 

The derivative of a scaled variable with respect to its original is the reciprocal of the scaling factor in general.

If an input is scaled by a factor k before a linear layer with weights W, how does the gradient with respect to the input typically change?

Explain how the derivative of a scaling operation affects both the forward computation and the backward gradient flow in a simple neural network or computational shell context. Include discussion of how the chain rule propagates the scaling factor and how this influences parameter updates and stability.

When applying a scaling operation, the derivative with respect to the input equals the [BLANK-1] factor times the downstream gradient.

In a scaling transformation s(x) = a x, what is the derivative ds/dx?

The muscle labeled “3” is the muscle

The white structure labeled with the “5” sticker is the

The green arrow is pointing to what bone marking?

The medical term for a nosebleed is