Over time the smooth muscle layers hypertrophy and can increase to _______ times their normal thickness. 

Chronic cough with production of large quantities of foul-smelling sputum is hallmark of bronchiectasis. A 24-hour collection of sputum is usually voluminous and tends to settle into several different layers. Steaks of blood are seen frequently in the sputum. 

Chronic inflammation develops over time, these anatomic alterations become irreversible, resulting in loss of airway caliber. Cilia are often damaged, and the basement membrane of the mucous may become thicker than normal. What term best describes the statement?

What major pathologic or structural changes happen during an asthma episode? Select all that apply.

What test is the best tool for diagnosing NCFB?

Charcot-Leyden crystals cause what reaction in the lungs?

All pulmonary function testing results will be increased with moderate to severe asthma episode.

What is the normal FENO level for adults? 

What are T-helpers?

What medication is used in a bronchial provocation challenge?