______ differs from the typical extinction procedure because the fear stimulus cannot be escaped.

Negative effects of punishment include ______.

Marcus suffers from a fear of heights. His therapist has Mark go to the glass window that goes out from the edge of the Grand Canyon and remain there. Over time, Marcus is fear of heights decreases and finally stops. Marcus his therapist is using ______ to eliminate Marcus’s fear of heights.

Cues associated with nonreward ______.

In the comparator model, a conditioned stimulus paired with the unconditioned stimulus will elicit a response only if ______.

Many stimuli develop the ability to elicit a CR indirectly. That is, not directly paired with a UCS. Ways to develop that CR include ______.

The likelihood that a particular neutral stimulus will elicit a conditioned response is called ______.

A dog and his owner (who is your neighbor) are walking toward you. When they arrive, the dog bites you on the leg. As a result, you are fearful of the dog, but now ALSO the neighbor. This is an example of ______.

Mowrer’s two-factor theory of punishment contends ______.

A child throws tantrums in a grocery store. After several experiences, the parent decides to extinguish the behavior. After a period of time, the temper tantrums decrease and stop. One day, the child throws a tantrum and the parent gives a piece of candy. The next time the child goes to the grocery store, they again throw a tantrum but this time the parent does not give the candy. The following time, when the child goes to the grocery store they throw a more intense tantrum than they did before. When this type of behavior occurs, it is called ______.