Joe has begun for many years his daily drive to work by stopping by the local café every morning to grab a cup of coffee. The coffee is not as good as it used to be, but Joe still stops. Which of the following causes Joe to stop by the café?

Bill always listens to the traffic news while driving home on the freeway. One day, he hears that there is a major traffic jam about 5 miles ahead of his current location. According to Tolman’s theory of learning, Bill would:

An individual is more likely to become depressed if it is believed that personal problems are due to _________, _________, _________, factors.

Riley’s research on schedule-induced polydipsia in rats shows that:

According to Dickinson, _________ control operant/instrumental behavior early in training; however, with prolonged training, operant/instrumental behavior is governed by _________?

Rebecca’s husband hits and kicks her on a regular basis regardless of how clean she keeps their home or how well she cooks dinner. Rebecca no longer tries to avoid her husband’s abuse. This is an example of _________.

John goes to Corky’s and experiences the taste of great ribs. According to Dickinson, John’s behavior is due to _________?

When a colt is born, a rancher will typically ensure that he is the first object the newborn horse sees. He will then rub his hands from the newborn horses’ head to hooves to form a bond with the colt. This is an example of ___________.

The two-choice discrimination task often produces behavioral contrast which refers to:

According to the explanatory style view of optimism-pessimism, which of the following statements fits an optimistic style of explanation for a student’s failure on a math exam?