A nurse is providing care for an older male client who reports hesitancy, weak urine stream, and nocturia. Which condition is most likely contributing to these symptoms?

A nurse is performing a physical assessment on a client with suspected acute pyelonephritis. Which technique provides the most direct assessment of kidney involvement?

A nurse is educating a client about proper technique for a clean-catch midstream urine specimen. Which instructions should be included? Select all that apply.

A nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a client with acute glomerulonephritis. The urinalysis shows the presence of red blood cells and large plasma proteins. Which physiologic mechanism best explains these findings?

A nurse is assessing a client with nephrotic syndrome and notes unilateral flank pain, hematuria, and sudden shortness of breath. Which complication should the nurse suspect?

A nurse is caring for a critically ill client in the intensive care unit who has been hypotensive for several hours following septic shock. The client’s urine output is 15 mL/hr, and laboratory results show blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of 38 mg/dL and serum creatinine of 2.2 mg/dL. Which nursing interpretation is most appropriate?

A kidney transplant recipient in the ICU is producing 950 mL of urine per hour during the first 12 hours postoperatively. Which nursing action is the priority?

A nurse reviews urine culture results for a client with dysuria: 2.8 × 10³ organisms/mL are reported. Which interpretation is most accurate?

A nurse is caring for a client with acute kidney injury receiving continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). During assessment, the nurse notes that the ultrafiltrate in the collection bag is blood-tinged. Which nursing action is the priority?

A nurse reviews urinalysis results for a client with a history of diabetes mellitus. Findings include: glucose present, ketones present, and specific gravity 1.030. Which interpretation is most accurate?