When a small reward is less effective than it would normally be because of past experiences with a large reward, this is called ______.

Marcus is in Vegas and starts to play a slot machine. On his first pull, he wins $1. On his second pull, he wins nothing; on his third pull, he wins nothing, and on his fourth pull, he wins a dollar. Marcus is on which schedule of reinforcement?

In general, increasing the severity of the aversive events ______.

Overshadowing, blocking, and predictiveness phenomena have been explained by the ______.

Steve is eating a piece of salmon. Three hours later, Steve begins to throw up. Now Steve refuses to eat salmon every time it is served. This is an example of ______.

For individuals who are addicted, exposure to small doses of the drug ______.

Delivery of an aversive stimulus which causes a reduction in responding is called ______.

The stronger the UCS ______.

According to opponent process theory, as the intensity of the B state increases ______.

The best way to get extinction to occur is ______.