Please explain how herbage mass measurement is used for estimating intake of grazing animals? 

Choose one type of intake measurement method, describe it and mention the pros and cons associated with the method you chose.

We are using Chromium mordanted fiber as external marker for the determination of fecal output. Given that the marker dose is 20 mg/d and fecal marker concentration is 4 mg/kg DM. Please calculate fecal output in kg. 

Metabolizable protein represents total amount of protein absorbed by the animal. In ruminants, three sources of protein contributes to the supply of metabolizable protein. Please list them 

Please explain the importance of estimating microbial protein synthesis. 

Explain how passage rate is associated with feed intake. How does this mechanism affect nutrient digestibility and energy intake in ruminants?

For in-situ analysis, sample size to bag surface area is maintained at 10-15 mg/sq. cm. Please explain why?  

Low molecular weight carbohydrates are insoluble in 80% ethanol. 

From non-cannulated animals which marker can be used to measure microbial protein synthesis

Which of the following feed ingredients provides an excellent source of rumen undegraded protein