Dong Zhongshu, a scholar who lived during the Han dynasty in China, wrote the following: Heaven’s constant desire is to love and bring benefit, its task to nurture. Spring, fall, winter, and summer are the instruments it uses. The king also makes loving and bringing benefit his constant desire and his task is to bring peace and happiness to his age. Love and hate, joy and anger, are the instruments he uses. His love, hate, joy, and anger are like Heaven’s seasons. It is through changes in temperature that things are transformed and completed. If Heaven produces these plants and animals in the right season, then the year will be one of abundance, but if at the wrong time, then the year will be a bad one. Similarly, if the ruler expresses his four emotions in accord with moral principles, then the world will be well governed, but if not, the age will be chaotic. Thus an orderly age is like a good harvest, a disorderly age is like a bad harvest. Thus one can see that the principles of man match the way of Heaven. According to Dong Zhongshu, what/who is to blame for chaos?

The following is an excerpt from a letter written in 1517 to the Archbishop of Mainz, the most powerful clergyman in the German states: Papal indulgences for the building of St. Peter’s are circulating under your most distinguished name. . . . I grieve over the wholly false impressions which the people have conceived from them; to wit, —the unhappy souls believe that if they have purchased  indulgences they are sure of their salvation; again, that so soon as they cast their contributions into the money-box, souls fly out of purgatory; furthermore, that these graces [i.e., the graces conferred in the indulgences] are so great that there is no sin too great to be absolved, even, as they say—though the thing is impossible—if one had violated the Mother of God; again, that a man is free, through these indulgences, from all penalty and guilt. Considering the context (what you know from this excerpt and the information in the header), who wrote this letter?

The following excerpt comes from a hymn in the collection of the Rig Veda, translated by Ralph T. H. Griffith (1896), Hymn XC. When they divided *Puruṣa how many portions did they make? What do they call his mouth, his arms? What do they call his thighs and feet? The Brahman was his mouth, of both his arms was the Rājanya made. His thighs became the Vaiśya, from his feet the Śūdra was produced. (*a deity that the gods sacrificed to create the world) The hymn explains the creation of different

The following excerpt comes from a hymn in the collection of the Rig Veda, translated by Ralph T. H. Griffith (1896), Hymn XC. When they divided *Puruṣa how many portions did they make? What do they call his mouth, his arms? What do they call his thighs and feet? The Brahman was his mouth, of both his arms was the Rājanya made. His thighs became the Vaiśya, from his feet the Śūdra was produced. (*a deity that the gods sacrificed to create the world) The hymn explains the creation of different

Which group of people moved into the Indus Valley during the middle of the second millennium B.C.?

Confucius’s teaching emphasized 

Islam means

Who first persecuted Christians?

Which of the following happened first?

What is the name for the part of the nail that may hang over the end of the finger?