Type of RadiationQuantitySI UnitConventional UnitRadiation Effect MeasuredX-Ray or GammaExposureCoulomb/Kg____________2.____________All ionizing radiationAbsorbed dose3.___________RAD (Radiation absorbed dose)Amount of energy per unit mass absorbed by objectAll ionizing radiation Equivalent Dose4.___________REM (Radiation equivalent man)Biologic Effects

How can humans safely control the use of radiant energy?by using the knowledge of radiation induced hazards, which has been gained over many yearsby employing effective methods to limit or eliminate radiation induced hazardsby completely eliminating the use of radiation in the medical setting

The quality, or penetrating power, of an x-ray beam is controlled by

An observed score on a given measurement reflects the actual level of the construct + “error.” What can be said about the role of error in measurement?

After reading Lawrence et al 2011, Dr. Amour is interested in capturing the construct of “relationship quality” using behavioral observations. He decides to collect his data by observing romantic partners while they have a heated conversation. Describe two distinct challenges that Dr. Amour should be concerned with as a result of his decision to use behavioral observations for this task, and describe a possible solution for each challenge.

While perched in her tree, Dr. Chase observes dogs at a dog park for 30 minutes. She divides the observation period into one-minute segments and records whether aggressive behavior occurred at least once during each segment. Which method of quantifying behavior is she using?

In which of these studies is a construct being operationalized? 

Imagine that you have developed a new self-report scale for measuring the construct of relationship quality. Explain what it means to say that a measurement or operationalization is “reliable.” Then, explain how you would assess the test-retest reliability AND internal/inter-item reliability of your scale. Describe what you would expect to see for each if your scale were reliable.

What information is provided by measurements on an ordinal scale that is not provided by measurements from a nominal scale? (in other words, what does an ordinal scale tell you that a nominal scale doesn’t?)

Inter-rater reliability is particularly relevant when performing